The Joe Rogan Experience - Joe Rogan Experience #1772 - Randall Carlson

00:00:01.000 Joe Rogan Podcast, check it out!

00:00:04.000 The Joe Rogan Experience.

00:00:06.000 Train by day, Joe Rogan Podcast by night, all day.

00:00:13.000 Randall Carlson, how are you, sir?

00:00:15.000 I'm doing well, Joe.

00:00:16.000 It's great to see you.

00:00:17.000 It really is.

00:00:17.000 It's even greater to see you.

00:00:19.000 I was so looking forward to this podcast.

00:00:22.000 I'm so excited about this subject, so whenever you're in town, I'm happy.

00:00:27.000 Well, you know, Joe, I drove a thousand miles to get here.

00:00:30.000 That's how much I'm...

00:00:31.000 That's a long drive.

00:00:32.000 How long did that take?

00:00:33.000 We did two days.

00:00:35.000 It's a 14 and a half hour drive.

00:00:37.000 But we got slowed down because of the weather.

00:00:39.000 Yeah, I was worried about that.

00:00:40.000 We've had some ice storms out here, for people who don't know.

00:00:43.000 Yeah, right.

00:00:44.000 It was nasty for a while.

00:00:46.000 And you're going to be out here, you're doing some exploring?

00:00:48.000 You're doing some cave exploring as well?

00:00:50.000 Well, we were going to go to see Hall's Cave, which is a...

00:00:54.000 Pull that microphone up to you.

00:00:57.000 Hall's Cave...

00:00:58.000 Get the...

00:00:59.000 There you go.

00:01:00.000 How's this?

00:01:00.000 Perfect.

00:01:01.000 Good.

00:01:02.000 Yeah, Hall's Cave is near here, and this was a site that has...

00:01:07.000 Extinct megafauna remains in it, and it also has some Clovis tools, and it has the Younger Dryas black mat stuff in it.

00:01:19.000 So basically— Black mat stuff meaning whatever the impact was, what was settled?

00:01:24.000 Right.

00:01:25.000 So when you had the impact or I think impacts, plural, you had this dusting of stuff and a lot of fires.

00:01:32.000 So the fires produce soot, charcoal.

00:01:34.000 So at that layer you have this black matte layer and below it you have megafauna and above it They're mostly gone.

00:01:42.000 Below it, you have the Clovis culture. 0.69

00:01:44.000 Above it, they're mostly gone.

00:01:47.000 So Hall's Cave was a repository, and we were going to go in it.

00:01:52.000 It belongs to an elderly couple that's on private property, but then when the COVID hit, they got worried about letting people in there, so it's been postponed.

00:02:01.000 Thomas Stafford was the lead archaeologist on the job, on the project, and he had agreed to set it up for us, but then they got, like I said, the elderly couple that owns the cave, they got cold feet, so...

00:02:14.000 So is this because of the recent strains of COVID? Is this like...

00:02:17.000 No, this would have been...

00:02:19.000 So two years ago...

00:02:20.000 We were gonna go, let's see, well...

00:02:23.000 Two years.

00:02:23.000 Was it last summer?

00:02:24.000 We were planning to go a year ago last summer.

00:02:28.000 So it's been on hold, and I suspect that at some point we'll get to do it.

00:02:33.000 But while I'm out here, we are going to check out a few things.

00:02:36.000 Canyon Lake Gorge, which is down towards San Antonio, is a site that in 2002, there was a Heavy, heavy rain and Canyon Lake is a reservoir.

00:02:47.000 It overflowed and it cut this canyon and reproduced all these features like recessional cataracts and plunge pools and all these kind of things that geologists assumed were kind of slow To form,

00:03:05.000 but are very similar to some of the things that are on a much grander scale that we'll look at here today.

00:03:13.000 But what it is, it's kind of almost forced a revision in thinking because basically they're seeing this duplication of these forms, although on a smaller scale, but formed in two days and not thousands of years.

00:03:24.000 So for people that are not familiar with your work, I think we should probably give them a real quick refresher.

00:03:30.000 When you're referring to the Younger Dryas, you're referring to the Younger Dryas impact theory.

00:03:35.000 And this impact theory, you believe, probably ended the Ice Age, caused the extinction of many mammals and many species of life all over the Earth.

00:03:46.000 All over the Earth.

00:03:47.000 And reset civilization. 0.78

00:03:48.000 Pretty much, yeah.

00:03:50.000 In a nutshell, that's going to be it.

00:03:51.000 And that is somewhere around 11,000, 12,000 years ago?

00:03:55.000 Okay.

00:03:56.000 The dating of it, the Younger Dryas itself is about a 1,300-year interval.

00:04:01.000 So to put this in perspective, go back 16,000 to 20,000 years ago, we're in the middle of the late glacial maximum.

00:04:09.000 When more than doubled the amount of glacial ice on the planet now.

00:04:13.000 We had North America, half of North America is buried under an ice sheet bigger than the one that now covers the South Pole.

00:04:19.000 So all of Canada, up to the Arctic Circle, northern United States, you know, New York, Detroit, Philadelphia, Twin Cities, Seattle, all of that area was completely buried under this massive ice sheet.

00:04:33.000 Around 15,000 years ago, 14,500 to 15,000 years ago, the climate began to warm.

00:04:38.000 And this is probably because the changing geometries between the Earth and the Sun has this, it's called the Milankovitch cycles, and it basically is just the geometric relation between the Earth and the Sun.

00:04:50.000 The orbit, the tilt of the Earth's axis, and so on, brings about gradual warming and gradual cooling.

00:04:56.000 So what has been documented now is that the gradual warming began between 14,500 and 15,000 years ago.

00:05:04.000 And so the great ice sheets began to shrink back, and they lost maybe 10 to 15 percent of their maximum mass.

00:05:12.000 And this is when that ice-free corridor opened up.

00:05:16.000 Between the two, you had two big ice sheets that were covering North America.

00:05:20.000 Laurentide centered on Hudson Bay.

00:05:22.000 Cordy Aaron centered over the Canadian Rockies.

00:05:25.000 Around 16,000 to 18,000 years ago, they coalesced.

00:05:29.000 They grew together.

00:05:30.000 Then with that warming, they separated.

00:05:32.000 And that's, you probably heard the term, the ice-free corridor.

00:05:35.000 Yeah.

00:05:35.000 The old...

00:05:36.000 Ideas that North America was exclusively populated by the Clovis people coming across the Bering Land Bridge, which was exposed because of lowered sea levels, migrating down through Alaska and through that ice-free corridor down into un-glaciated North America,

00:05:53.000 and then eventually all the way down to Tierra del Fuego within a thousand years.

00:06:00.000 Now, you've got this gradual warming.

00:06:01.000 Now, at about 12,850 to 12,900 years ago, that process is suddenly interrupted by this massive spasm of cold, right, that basically undoes 2,500 years of warming,

00:06:17.000 just undoes it.

00:06:19.000 And now the planet is plunged back into full glacial cold, and it takes like 1,300 years for the planet to resume its upward arc of warming.

00:06:29.000 So at the beginning of that is when the spike of mass extinctions took place, and that's also when the COVID culture in North America that had been very prolific— You mean Clovis?

00:06:40.000 Clovis.

00:06:40.000 What did I say?

00:06:41.000 He said COVID. We all have COVID on the brain.

00:06:45.000 God, I know.

00:06:47.000 The Clovis culture, yeah.

00:06:50.000 The Clovis culture, they disappeared. 1.00

00:06:52.000 Maybe I heard, he did say COVID, right?

00:06:54.000 It might have been Clovid, I don't know.

00:06:56.000 Clovid?

00:06:57.000 I think he's thoroughly confused.

00:06:59.000 Either way, it's okay.

00:07:00.000 Maybe I'm hearing it.

00:07:01.000 Yeah, well, it could be, or maybe I should take a little break here and take my afternoon nap, but my after lunch nap.

00:07:10.000 You know, that's part of my religion now is I take an afternoon nap every day.

00:07:14.000 It's a good religion.

00:07:15.000 It's a pretty good religion.

00:07:16.000 That's solid.

00:07:16.000 Yeah.

00:07:16.000 That's my ritual nap every day.

00:07:18.000 So anyways, not to get off on that.

00:07:20.000 So it lasts about 1,300 years.

00:07:24.000 At about 11,600 years ago, it ended.

00:07:27.000 Now what's interesting about the Younger Dryas period is that it's almost bookmarked with two catastrophes.

00:07:36.000 The catastrophe at 11,600 years ago is still kind of undefined.

00:07:41.000 There's been no, to my knowledge, evidence of any kind of extraterrestrial impact.

00:07:46.000 However, there was a massive pulse of melting that occurred.

00:07:51.000 And so it's referred to as Meltwater Pulse 1B. Now there was a Meltwater Pulse 1A that is now dated at 14,600.

00:08:00.000 And there's evidence now emerging that there was also a major melting event At the beginning of the Younger Dryas, but it was so quick before the planet jumped back into full glacial cold, it has kind of been overlooked.

00:08:14.000 So anyways, what's interesting about Meltwater Pulse 1b, that's 11,600 years ago.

00:08:19.000 Now that is now given as the definition between the Pleistocene, which was two and a half million years, which was differentiated from the previous Pliocene, because in the Pleistocene epoch,

00:08:35.000 What characterizes this epoch is the planet started lurching back and forth between the glacial and interglacial ages, right?

00:08:44.000 So at the end of the Pleistocene, we get into the Holocene.

00:08:48.000 Holocene is now the onset of the Holocene as dated 11,600 years ago.

00:08:53.000 And shortly within a millennia to two millennia after that is when we begin to see The rise of what eventually led to modern civilization.

00:09:03.000 We see the domestication of animals.

00:09:05.000 We see the major shift in lifestyles from mostly, if not all, hunter-gatherers now into an agricultural-based lifestyle.

00:09:15.000 So we see really the rise of agriculture in those two millennia after the beginning of the Holocene.

00:09:22.000 What else?

00:09:23.000 Oh, the dispersion of languages generally traces back to around roughly 10,000 years ago.

00:09:29.000 What else?

00:09:31.000 Oh, the rise of urban areas.

00:09:34.000 The first Chatalhöyük and Jericho and other cities like that are showing up between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago.

00:09:41.000 So basically, all the accoutrements of civilization that eventually led to, you know, what we think of as modern history, 4,500 to 5,000 years ago, all sort of got launched in this post- Younger Dryas epoch,

00:09:59.000 if you will.

00:10:00.000 So the question is what caused these tremendous sea level rise?

00:10:04.000 And I think in one of our previous interviews, I actually pulled up a graph where you could see that these two great spikes of meltwater.

00:10:12.000 Rather than it being tens of thousands of years in a smooth curve, it was two major spikes of meltwater.

00:10:18.000 So in order to To trigger that melting, you had to have some kind of input of energy.

00:10:25.000 It takes energy to melt ice.

00:10:26.000 So one of the mysteries that actually began to be noticed in the early 70s was what is called the energy paradox.

00:10:34.000 Now, with the advent of radiocarbon dating in the 1950s, what happened is you accumulated a couple of decades of radiocarbon dating.

00:10:44.000 After a couple of decades, the geologists and the climatologists and so on, they're looking at that data and they're going, wait a second, our old models of glacial, the onset of a glaciation, glacial period, the termination of glacial period,

00:11:00.000 were tens of thousands of years, 50, 60, 70,000 years.

00:11:05.000 Radiocarbon dating is now showing it happened way, way faster than that.

00:11:08.000 For example, radiocarbon dating showed that In central area of Canada, where it was assumed that there had been a mile, a mile and a half of ice, forests were growing like 30,000, 35,000 years ago.

00:11:22.000 Well, clearly there was no ice there when the forests are growing there, right?

00:11:25.000 The other thing was The rapidity with which the whole thing came to an end.

00:11:30.000 Rather than 15, 20, 25,000 years, it was more like 3, 4, 5,000 years.

00:11:36.000 So this is what introduced the concept of the energy paradox.

00:11:39.000 Like, where the hell did all the energy come from to melt that much ice?

00:11:43.000 And so there was a group of scientists that held a conference in 1973. Didn't resolve it.

00:11:50.000 Held another conference in 1975. Still didn't resolve it.

00:11:54.000 What they were looking at, they go, okay, well, what is the greatest concentration of available thermal energy on the planet today to melt ice?

00:12:03.000 So they said, well, it looks like it's equatorial regions over equatorial oceans.

00:12:09.000 Okay, so if we applied that much thermal energy to these ice sheets, how long would it take to melt?

00:12:15.000 20,000 to 25,000 years to completely melt away.

00:12:18.000 So that was the energy paradox and it really has not been resolved to this day.

00:12:24.000 And see, the assumption was that the energy would have applied in a uniform manner from the beginning of the start of the deglaciation to the end of the deglaciation.

00:12:34.000 But it didn't happen that way.

00:12:36.000 It happened in pulses.

00:12:37.000 So in other words, rather even though you have a tremendously enlarged amount of Energy to melt this ice.

00:12:47.000 Basically it didn't happen smoothly.

00:12:48.000 It was concentrated into several episodes, which means then that you have even more thermal energy to try to explain.

00:12:55.000 So it kind of got left there.

00:12:57.000 And of course then I encountered that, I mean I guess, you know, going way back in the late 70s, early 80s when I first got obsessed with the catastrophic history of this planet and geology and all of that.

00:13:09.000 That's when I read these papers.

00:13:11.000 And I kind of thought, well, what's the possibility?

00:13:15.000 Either it's got to be impact or it's got to be the sun.

00:13:17.000 What else could it be?

00:13:19.000 You know, there's no intrinsic source of that much heat to melt the ice that quick.

00:13:23.000 So I was very gratified when in 2007 the paper came out proposing that there had been an impact at the Younger Dryas, triggering the Younger Dryas.

00:13:33.000 You know, we talked about that with Graham on here.

00:13:36.000 And that's actually what inspired Graham to come back To his original idea that he had proposed in Fingerprints of the Gods back in 95 or 96 was the two things, the discovery of Gobekli Tepe, which, you know, is back 11,500 years old,

00:13:52.000 right?

00:13:53.000 And the evidence that there had been this cometary impact.

00:13:57.000 So in his Fingerprints of the Gods, he was still thinking—he had documented a tremendous amount of evidence for catastrophe.

00:14:08.000 But what he didn't really – wasn't thinking, he was thinking more in terms of the scenario or the models of Charles Hapgood who was thinking in terms of pole shift.

00:14:16.000 Well, that idea kind of fell by the wayside because it wasn't making sense from the geophysical standpoint and a lot of reasons.

00:14:24.000 But then when 2007 came along and this paper came out, Graham was pretty much electrified when he saw that and said, well, there's the catastrophe.

00:14:34.000 It was an impact and why didn't I think of that?

00:14:36.000 He probably did.

00:14:38.000 So that's what caused them to circle back.

00:14:40.000 When did they first start discovering nuclear glass, the Tritonite?

00:14:44.000 Is that how you say it?

00:14:45.000 Trinitite.

00:14:46.000 Trinitite?

00:14:46.000 Trinitite.

00:14:47.000 When did they first start finding that stuff?

00:14:48.000 Well, the first discovery of that, you know, it comes from Trinity, New Mexico.

00:14:53.000 So, July of 1945. What I mean in core samples, when they were examining...

00:15:00.000 When would that have been?

00:15:01.000 Because that's one of the pieces of evidence that they point to, correct?

00:15:04.000 Yes.

00:15:05.000 So I think maybe, you know, the Tunguska event of 1908, I think maybe in the 60s or 70s, they may have found glass associated with that.

00:15:15.000 Certainly by the 50s and 60s, they were finding glass associated with impact craters.

00:15:22.000 And when they do core samples, they do find an associated supply of this stuff.

00:15:28.000 Yeah, yes, yes.

00:15:30.000 There's a variety of proxies that will indicate impacts.

00:15:35.000 The melt glass is one of them, right?

00:15:37.000 So that's trinitite?

00:15:39.000 Yes.

00:15:40.000 You'll have microspherals, which form, when you have a hypervelocity impact, you know, you've got to think you're, you know, an object coming in closing velocity at 10 to 20 times the muzzle velocity of a high-powered rifle.

00:15:55.000 It's coming in, it slams into the earth, It has a whole suite of consequences, one of which a lot of the material that's directly in the epicenter gets vaporized.

00:16:06.000 That vapor goes up into the stratosphere, it begins to circulate, as it cools it drops back to Earth, and it will form both microspherals and microtectites.

00:16:17.000 And microtectites are small little aerodynamically shaped forms.

00:16:23.000 They're called microtectites because you really only see them under a microscope.

00:16:27.000 And likewise with the microspherals.

00:16:29.000 Then you have nanodiamonds.

00:16:31.000 Nanodiamonds are only produced under extraordinary regimes of heat and pressure.

00:16:37.000 So you've got microspherals.

00:16:39.000 You've got the trinitite and the melt glass.

00:16:42.000 You've got the microspherals.

00:16:43.000 You've got iridium.

00:16:47.000 Other platinum group metals now associated with the Younger Dryas, they found iridium spikes, osmium spikes, and platinum spikes, which are all part of the platinum group metals, all of which are pretty much abundant in cosmic things like asteroids, right?

00:17:02.000 So you had the finding of that, you know, I think in the Greenland ice cores, platinum showed up in iridium.

00:17:10.000 Let's see, what else?

00:17:11.000 Charcoal or soot if there's fires.

00:17:17.000 So, you know, soot has been found in conjunction with that black matte layer.

00:17:21.000 That's one of the reasons it's black, is because of the amount of charcoal and soot in it.

00:17:26.000 Meaning there was some sort of massive fires that were associated with the impact.

00:17:31.000 Yes, yes, that's right.

00:17:33.000 So, you know, the critics came out, savaged it.

00:17:37.000 You know, the first group, I think, was 17 scientists that signed off on that paper, 2007. Actually, they formed a group called the Comet Research Team, organized by George Howard, who runs the Cosmic Tusk website.

00:17:52.000 He'd be a great guest, by the way.

00:17:56.000 He knows more about the Younger Dryas than I do.

00:18:01.000 He has a good comprehension of it.

00:18:03.000 So he does the Cosmic Tusk website and he helped to organize this Comet Research Team.

00:18:08.000 Now the Comet Research Team has grown to over 50 members since 2007. And I have been out in the field a couple of times with some members of the group, Chris Moore for example, who originally was one of the skeptics.

00:18:25.000 So we were out, we can circle back to this too, the Carolina Bays, which are these Unique elliptical features on the southeastern coastal plain of the United States.

00:18:35.000 So we were out in the field.

00:18:36.000 It was me and him, George Howard.

00:18:40.000 Graham Hancock was with us on that one.

00:18:42.000 And Malcolm LeCompte.

00:18:44.000 I don't know if you remember Malcolm.

00:18:45.000 He was the scientist that Graham brought in on our side during the great debate.

00:18:50.000 During the phone.

00:18:51.000 During the phone call.

00:18:52.000 That was Malcolm LeCompte.

00:18:53.000 He was there.

00:18:54.000 So Chris Moore, you know, I had a chance to have extensive conversations with him, and he basically said, well, yeah, I originally came on as a skeptic.

00:19:02.000 I was going to debunk this, and then I began seeing the evidence, and now I'm a believer.

00:19:07.000 Well, it ties neatly together, right?

00:19:11.000 It really does.

00:19:11.000 It seems like it's the thing that makes the most sense when you look at all the physical evidence, when you look at how quickly things changed.

00:19:19.000 I did not know that the amount of melting would have taken that long, though.

00:19:25.000 That's pretty extraordinary.

00:19:27.000 Well, you see, you've got to bear in mind, too, that what will happen under normal circumstances is you will have a melting season.

00:19:35.000 Summer, right?

00:19:36.000 Fall comes, things get cold again, melting stops, and then you have more ice accumulation because it's now snowing during the winter.

00:19:44.000 So really, if you say 20,000 years or 15,000 years to melt, you've got to actually cut that in half or less because you're only going to have really, especially in the northern latitudes, you're going to only have probably three or four months out of each year where actually the ice diminishes in mass.

00:20:03.000 So that's one reason why it'll – it's not like a continuous process.

00:20:08.000 But yeah, I think I've got – let's see if I've got it right here.

00:20:12.000 I'll pull this up.

00:20:14.000 But yeah, so that was the thing when I discovered that in the late 70s is when I started thinking, okay, so something unusual happened that we don't really have an explanation for.

00:20:26.000 Trevor Burrus, Jr.: Didn't you come up with the idea why you were on acid?

00:20:31.000 Well, what a great...

00:20:33.000 Well, I would say that was a factor.

00:20:36.000 Yes, I would.

00:20:37.000 Uh-huh.

00:20:38.000 Okay.

00:20:39.000 Nothing wrong with great ideas on acid, ladies and gentlemen.

00:20:41.000 Kerry Mullis, didn't he come up with partially the idea for the PCR test?

00:20:46.000 I think that's right.

00:20:47.000 I think I couldn't swear to it.

00:20:49.000 Is it a PCR test or some great discovery?

00:20:52.000 Uh-huh.

00:20:54.000 So this is...

00:20:55.000 Yeah, this was...

00:20:58.000 This was the energy paradox research here.

00:21:01.000 This was one of the guys who was the John T. Andrews.

00:21:05.000 You can see, 1973, the Wisconsin Laurentide Ice Sheet.

00:21:10.000 The Laurentide was the big one, right?

00:21:12.000 Dispersal centers, and this is the key, problems of rates of retreat.

00:21:17.000 So this is when they begin to say, hey, there's a problem here, guys.

00:21:20.000 You know?

00:21:21.000 So, let's see here.

00:21:25.000 And this was one of the bizarre things.

00:21:27.000 See, if you go, the average marginal recession, that's the ice shrinking back between 12,000 and 7,000 years before present.

00:21:36.000 BP is before present.

00:21:37.000 Is that a new phrase, before present?

00:21:40.000 I've seen it in the literature going back 20 or 30 years.

00:21:44.000 Geologists use that, whereas historians and archaeologists tend to use BC. Right.

00:21:48.000 Right.

00:21:49.000 But if you're talking about something that happened 50 or 500,000 years ago, saying BC doesn't make sense. 0.69

00:21:54.000 Right, it seems silly.

00:21:55.000 You have to do extra math.

00:21:56.000 Right.

00:21:57.000 So this is the first thing they noticed, that the rate of recession, you would assume that it's going to be faster at the southern margin, right, and much slower, because the northern margin is up by the Arctic Circle, right?

00:22:11.000 What they saw, that it varied little between the northwest and southern margins.

00:22:16.000 So that was the first mystery.

00:22:18.000 So then the second thing was of primary concern is the energy balance at the margin of the ice sheet required to promote the rapid late Wisconsin retreat.

00:22:31.000 The growth and development of the Laurentide Ice Sheet Complex is still an enigma.

00:22:35.000 That was in 73. It's still an enigma in 2002, which is why I find it so interesting, is because there are mysteries out there, and I love a good mystery.

00:22:48.000 Unexplained is the growth of the ice cap and its gathering grounds of Baffin Island.

00:22:52.000 So they're saying we don't even know how it started.

00:22:54.000 When you said 2002, did you mean 2022?

00:22:57.000 What do you mean 2002?

00:22:59.000 I meant 2022. Okay, okay.

00:23:02.000 Thank you, Joe, for keeping me...

00:23:04.000 On track.

00:23:05.000 Listen, you have so much information in your head, some of it's going to spill out the sides.

00:23:10.000 Yeah, some of it does spill out the side.

00:23:13.000 Yeah, so here was the question.

00:23:15.000 The average annual rate of marginal retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet calculated from the reduction area was 260 meters per year, which is 853 feet.

00:23:24.000 So that means over the whole period of disappearance of the ice, it's on average 853 feet.

00:23:29.000 Every year, the ice is receding, right?

00:23:33.000 And this high figure immediately raises the question of what energy sources are available to cause such a rapid retreat.

00:23:40.000 A significant aspect of the Laurentide deglacial history is the high energy inputs required.

00:23:45.000 Which, you know, that was what came up in the 1970s.

00:23:48.000 They still haven't, yeah, the high energy inputs.

00:23:54.000 Let's see.

00:23:57.000 So this is kind of showing here, like imagine that this is the marginal profile of the ice sheet.

00:24:03.000 And then as it recedes, it's also wasting vertically as well.

00:24:08.000 Because it's retreating, but it's also shrinking this way.

00:24:12.000 So...

00:24:16.000 When it comes down to rates of ice retreat in meters per year for the northwest, southwest, south, and northeast sectors of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, and what they discovered was the rate of retreat up on the northern section was just as fast as the southern.

00:24:30.000 What the hell is going on here?

00:24:32.000 It's happening simultaneously.

00:24:33.000 It's happening simultaneously, yeah.

00:24:36.000 Is there a competing theory?

00:24:39.000 I've never seen it.

00:24:41.000 You've never seen any competing theory on the rapid recession of the ice caps?

00:24:44.000 I have not.

00:24:45.000 I have not.

00:24:46.000 Other than I've seen several attempts to try to explain it through gradualistic processes, but I think that it's been one of those things that has – it's so bizarre that almost like Let's just stay away from that for the time being.

00:24:59.000 It's interesting that there's resistance to it because we know that there are asteroid impacts and comet impacts.

00:25:06.000 We know all that stuff's real.

00:25:08.000 We know we're in the middle of space and it happens all the time.

00:25:11.000 We can just look at the moon with its lack of atmosphere and we know there's craters all over it.

00:25:16.000 So we know things get hit constantly and we're dealing with this immense period of time.

00:25:20.000 It just seems logical.

00:25:22.000 It seems logical.

00:25:23.000 And, you know, Fred Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, they theorized way back, I think, in the 70s that there was an extraterrestrial cause to ice ages, that the planet might get dusted with extraterrestrial, fine, including nanodiamonds that are so small.

00:25:42.000 And very reflective of heat.

00:25:44.000 That maybe was not accepted back in the 70s just because it's pretty much outside.

00:25:50.000 See, they were still looking for what the Milankovitch, what I was mentioning earlier, the changing geometry of the Earth to the Sun.

00:25:57.000 The problem with that, though, is the rates.

00:25:59.000 You know, those are slow, long, very gradualistic.

00:26:04.000 What we're seeing now is stuff is like happening like that.

00:26:07.000 How quick are we talking about when talking about this recession of the ice caps from the time where there's a mile-high sheet of ice to what we see?

00:26:16.000 5,000 years.

00:26:17.000 5,000 years.

00:26:18.000 But within there, see, you can say 5,000 years and you might think of a uniform process.

00:26:23.000 It's diminishing in mass uniformly each year, but that's not how it happened.

00:26:29.000 Because even during the Younger Dryas, now the evidence suggests that that More or less gradualistic shrinking was interrupted, and then you had a regrowth of the ice sheet.

00:26:38.000 So the process was interrupted, see?

00:26:42.000 So what that leads is, again, we don't really have gradualistic explanations for it.

00:26:48.000 That's why I think we have to go to some more catastrophic scenario.

00:26:53.000 And this catastrophic scenario, we're not talking about one individual event.

00:26:58.000 We're talking about possibly multiple impacts.

00:27:01.000 That's what I would definitely lean towards.

00:27:04.000 And this is over a course of how many years?

00:27:06.000 Well, I think that if we look at the work of...

00:27:09.000 And I've mentioned this on your show before.

00:27:11.000 The work of...

00:27:11.000 In fact, in one of our conversations we had, it was...

00:27:16.000 William Napier, who's a British astronomer, commented that we had—he was pleased that we had talked about it.

00:27:23.000 And I mentioned that Victor Klube and William Napier and several of these others that were sort of—called them neo-catastrophists, if you will.

00:27:32.000 And they really began proposing in the late 70s and early 80s things like, I say, you know, impacts may be responsible for a lot of things.

00:27:42.000 They may be responsible for increased amounts of volcanic eruptions because, you know, hypervelocity impact can be very damaging.

00:27:51.000 You know, the analogy that I like to use if you have like a.38 caliber bullet, right?

00:27:57.000 And I was to throw that at you even as hard as I could and it hit you. 0.94

00:28:01.000 Might sting a little bit.

00:28:03.000 It's not going to do any damage at all.

00:28:04.000 But that same.38 caliber accelerated to, you know, 2,500 feet per second.

00:28:10.000 A lot of damage.

00:28:12.000 Now, you take a half-mile space rock, Accelerate it by a factor of 10 beyond that and slam it into the earth, yeah, it's going to have consequences that could take, you know, thousands of years actually to play out.

00:28:25.000 Is there an estimate of how many impacts there were?

00:28:30.000 Not yet.

00:28:31.000 Not yet?

00:28:32.000 I think there was probably in the range of about 10 impacts.

00:28:35.000 So 10 over the course of a few thousand years?

00:28:38.000 Yes, although they were probably concentrated.

00:28:40.000 I think that you had a concentrated series of impacts right around the beginning of the Younger Dryas because that's where the proxies are found.

00:28:48.000 We still don't have an explanation for the end of the Younger Dryas.

00:28:54.000 Something interesting though, it's one of these coincidences that I should bring up.

00:28:59.000 We talked a little bit at one point.

00:29:01.000 Maybe the first meeting we had, we talked about Plato and the story of Atlantis.

00:29:08.000 And a lot of – I noticed some of the negative comments were like, oh, I heard them mention Atlantis.

00:29:14.000 So I just immediately turned it off because that's BS, you know.

00:29:19.000 Whether Atlantis really existed or not, that's a whole other interesting question.

00:29:24.000 And as a matter of fact, I just a few weeks ago did a part one of a six-part series, a live stream, where I'm like line by line dissecting what Plato actually said, going through four or five different translations,

00:29:40.000 going back to some of the original Greek language that he used.

00:29:43.000 But the thing that really initially—I wasn't that interested in the Atlantis thing.

00:29:48.000 Until I realized that he's—if you go into his dialogue, Timaeus, just before he begins the story of Atlantis, he prefaces it by referencing the myth of Phaeton.

00:30:05.000 And Phaeton being the son of Helios who tried to drive his father's chariot in the path of the sun and completely failed.

00:30:12.000 And the chariot deviated off the path of the sun and it declined or deviated down to the earth and it set the world on fire.

00:30:21.000 Now, in the story Of Atlantis, Solon, is hearing this story from these elderly Egyptian priests who say that they have preserved that story in their sacred registers for 9,000 years.

00:30:36.000 Is that possible?

00:30:38.000 I don't know.

00:30:39.000 Maybe, maybe not.

00:30:40.000 But this is what was related, that it was preserved in their sacred registers and in their temples for 9,000 years.

00:30:48.000 And this was prior to Solon's 10-year Sojourn in Egypt, right?

00:30:58.000 Solon's sojourn in Egypt happens at 600 BC. Let me think of that.

00:31:07.000 Let me think of this.

00:31:08.000 Yes.

00:31:08.000 So basically, if you add that to the 9000, Go back from now to 600 BC, that's 2600 years.

00:31:20.000 Add that to 9,000, what do you get?

00:31:22.000 11,600.

00:31:24.000 You get around the time of the Younger Dryas impacts.

00:31:25.000 The end of the Younger Dryas, Meltwater Pulse 1B. So you have a rapid rise, what John Shaw, Canadian geologist, the late John Shaw, called CRE, which is Catastrophic Rise Event.

00:31:42.000 So there was a catastrophic rise event at 11,600 years ago.

00:31:47.000 Plato gives that date based on the chronology from Solon down through Drapidus, through Critias the Elder, through Critias the Younger, then finally to Socrates and Plato.

00:31:59.000 Coincidence?

00:32:00.000 Perhaps that's what the skeptic would say.

00:32:02.000 It's just a coincidence.

00:32:03.000 I'm not quite so ready to dismiss things like that as coincidence, because it's pretty amazing that he puts the demise of Atlantis, that it subsides beneath the ocean as a result of an earthquake and a rapid rise of sea level,

00:32:20.000 and there's Meltwater Pulse 1b, Right there.

00:32:23.000 Who knows?

00:32:24.000 But what to me even makes it more interesting is because he prefaces the whole story with this Phaeton myth.

00:32:32.000 And then he says – let's see.

00:32:34.000 I bet you I have it right here.

00:32:36.000 Let's see.

00:32:39.000 There we go.

00:32:40.000 Let's see if we can open this up and you can see exactly what Plato says.

00:32:45.000 And Let's see here if we zoom down to...

00:32:52.000 Have you seen that geological formation in, I believe it's Africa?

00:32:59.000 The recap structure, yes.

00:33:02.000 What are your thoughts on that?

00:33:04.000 That it's natural.

00:33:05.000 You think it's natural?

00:33:05.000 I think it's natural.

00:33:06.000 I think it's very interesting.

00:33:09.000 I first discovered that maybe 20 years ago because it was – when it was first discovered because of NASA photography, they were looking at it and thinking this might be a multi-ringed impact structure.

00:33:22.000 So I thought, oh, add this to the ever-growing list of impact structures.

00:33:26.000 However, subsequent research showed that it was pretty much natural and I think Yeah, here we go right here.

00:33:38.000 So this is, since you brought it up and asked about it, you can see here there's a magma body beneath the structure.

00:33:50.000 It's volcanic.

00:33:52.000 And let's see.

00:33:55.000 Yeah, an external basaltic ring dike is displaced by a north-northeast-south-southwest fault system in the northeastern part of the structure and is cross-cut by carbon-type dikes.

00:34:07.000 So you can see there's this whole magma chamber beneath the thing.

00:34:10.000 Ah, I see.

00:34:11.000 And how do they find that?

00:34:13.000 Oh, geophysical surveys.

00:34:15.000 And so what that would indicate was that this is probably the remnants of a volcanic eruption, like some sort of a caldera, like the same way that we have Yellowstone when they found that from space?

00:34:26.000 It was probably pressure from below causing an up-doming, right?

00:34:30.000 Now, you've got multiple layers Like this.

00:34:34.000 Now you picture you've got a circular up-doming.

00:34:37.000 Now you truncate that.

00:34:39.000 If you can picture that you've got these multiple stratigraphic layers, right?

00:34:44.000 It forces it into a circular sort of a dome-shaped uplift.

00:34:49.000 Then you truncate it.

00:34:50.000 You slice the top of that off.

00:34:52.000 What you're going to have is multiple rings that are now exposed.

00:34:57.000 So it makes sense if it's in that area where this volcanic activity takes place and that this is a natural possibility.

00:35:06.000 Yeah.

00:35:06.000 Now, I know that Jimmy has looked at that.

00:35:09.000 I don't know Jimmy personally.

00:35:13.000 I like the guy without knowing him.

00:35:16.000 You interviewed him, right?

00:35:17.000 Yeah, very nice guy.

00:35:17.000 Yeah, that's what I thought.

00:35:19.000 I'd like to get him out in the field with me and show him some stuff firsthand.

00:35:22.000 I bet he would love that.

00:35:23.000 He's a giant fan of your work.

00:35:25.000 I'd like to hear that.

00:35:26.000 Well, I'm a fan of his work, but I don't happen to agree on this one.

00:35:29.000 Well, I mean, I don't even know if he agrees.

00:35:31.000 I think he's just speculating.

00:35:33.000 He's not dogmatic.

00:35:34.000 He doesn't have a rigid perspective on this.

00:35:37.000 Yeah, here you can see.

00:35:38.000 There's the recap.

00:35:39.000 What is interesting, though, is look at this.

00:35:41.000 You've got the...

00:35:43.000 This structure up here, the terminate, I forget how you pronounce it.

00:35:50.000 I knew how to pronounce it.

00:35:52.000 But anyways, that's an impact crater there.

00:35:54.000 There's one here.

00:35:55.000 We can actually, if we go back, the Tenumer crater in Mauritania, that's impact.

00:36:03.000 And the Temimichat.

00:36:06.000 That's it.

00:36:07.000 So what's interesting, though, check this out.

00:36:13.000 There's one, there's two, and here's the recat structure.

00:36:16.000 They fall in a perfect alignment.

00:36:19.000 But what's the explanation there?

00:36:20.000 I don't know.

00:36:22.000 Could just be coincidence, right?

00:36:24.000 Could be coincidence, yeah.

00:36:25.000 One of the things that he said about the recat structure was that around it, the white appears to be salt.

00:36:32.000 Which could be.

00:36:33.000 And I mean, see, the rim rock of this is late Cretaceous, about 90 million years old.

00:36:37.000 So at that point, it was below the ocean, right?

00:36:40.000 So it's been uplifted.

00:36:41.000 I think this thing is about 1,400 or 1,500 feet above sea level, if memory serves me correct.

00:36:47.000 So it's been eroded.

00:36:48.000 You see, this whole thing here is like an erosion.

00:36:51.000 You had a massive amount of water that came down over this and most likely is what exposed this thing to the surface.

00:36:59.000 It was probably buried.

00:37:02.000 Let's see here.

00:37:06.000 Oh, so right there is, you know, from Plato, that's the ringed city of Atlantis to scale.

00:37:14.000 The concentric rings.

00:37:15.000 The concentric rings.

00:37:16.000 So this is the actual scale superimposed onto the recap structure.

00:37:21.000 So it's much smaller in scale.

00:37:22.000 Much smaller, yeah.

00:37:22.000 But Plato's scale was based on what?

00:37:25.000 The stayed.

00:37:27.000 It was based on the state, which is roughly 607 feet.

00:37:31.000 It's where we get the word stadium from.

00:37:34.000 Oh, wow.

00:37:34.000 Yeah, because that was the length of a stadium in ancient Greece.

00:37:38.000 So when you look at Plato's version of this, sorry to take you on this detour, but I was just curious.

00:37:43.000 When you look at Plato's version of Atlantis, is there an area of the world that seems likely?

00:37:53.000 Yeah?

00:37:54.000 Yeah.

00:37:55.000 Yeah.

00:37:56.000 You better watch my six-hour presentation, Joe.

00:37:58.000 Okay, I will.

00:37:59.000 Yeah, no, but I look – it's detailed.

00:38:03.000 That's why even in six hours, you know, I can't really spell it.

00:38:08.000 In my podcast, I did the first nine episodes, two hours each.

00:38:13.000 We're devoted to – I thought, well, let's kick it off with Atlantis.

00:38:17.000 18 hours of Atlantis.

00:38:18.000 18 hours of Atlantis.

00:38:19.000 The last episode, nine, was devoted to the recap structure.

00:38:24.000 Wow.

00:38:24.000 So I had eight hours, so 16 hours.

00:38:27.000 But we had some chatter and things like that in there, so maybe more like 12 or 14 hours.

00:38:33.000 So, you know who Johanna James is?

00:38:35.000 No.

00:38:35.000 She is a British actress who started doing this – she's a really cool lady.

00:38:42.000 She's very interested in all this kind of stuff.

00:38:45.000 Very smart.

00:38:47.000 Extraordinarily beautiful.

00:38:48.000 And she went on and did a—she does these, like, 20-minute, 30-minute little vignettes of things that she's really interested in, having to do a lot with, you know, ancient cultures, all the kind of things that, you know, Graham Hancock is—you know,

00:39:04.000 she reads Graham Hancock.

00:39:05.000 She became a fan of mine, and she devoted one of her little 20- or 30-minute segments to—she said, Yeah.

00:39:32.000 Just a really fun lady. 1.00

00:39:34.000 She also does comedy.

00:39:37.000 Really?

00:39:37.000 Yeah.

00:39:37.000 And she's very intelligent, very gorgeous.

00:39:41.000 What can I say?

00:39:42.000 And smart and interested in all this kind of stuff.

00:39:45.000 So, you know, there we go.

00:39:48.000 Anyways, so she was very interested in the whole Atlantis thing.

00:39:52.000 And so because of that, there was a lot of feedback and people wanting to know more.

00:39:57.000 And so I thought, okay, now the The 10 or 12 hours I did, what I'm going to do is I'm going to try to condense that down.

00:40:05.000 So a couple of weeks ago we did the first three-hour livestream where I basically started breaking down Plato's account line by line.

00:40:13.000 What did he actually say?

00:40:15.000 Let's look at the geology.

00:40:17.000 Let's look at the geography, the oceanography, the astronomy, and see if it lines up, if it matches up.

00:40:24.000 And so I think there's one place that pretty much is not all the details, but when you look at all of the areas around the planet that have been proposed for Atlantis, I think there's one place that fits the majority of his details, and that's the sunken Azores Plateau.

00:40:41.000 And I say sunken because we know it's sunken, and it's right along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

00:40:46.000 In fact, since we're on this subject, and I wasn't even thinking we'd get on this subject, there's the Azores Plateau right there.

00:40:54.000 It straddles a triple plate junction, which you have the European plate, the African plate, and the North American plate here.

00:41:01.000 Trevor Burrus It's up near Nova Scotia?

00:41:04.000 Yeah, it's far north.

00:41:04.000 It is.

00:41:05.000 But notice over here, it's really almost at the same latitude as Spain.

00:41:10.000 See?

00:41:13.000 I would say that if there's any place on the planet that is most consistent with Plato's account, that's it right there.

00:41:21.000 Why is that?

00:41:22.000 Without doing an 18-hour presentation?

00:41:26.000 Oh, come on, Joe!

00:41:28.000 Can't we have pizza brought in?

00:41:29.000 We can.

00:41:30.000 Nah.

00:41:31.000 That's why, in a nutshell...

00:41:34.000 God, where do I even begin?

00:41:35.000 So...

00:41:38.000 I was afraid you were going to ask that, but we can look very quickly, I guess, like give you the five-minute version, which is that There is evidence that there was a massive subsidence along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

00:41:54.000 We actually talked about this a little bit and I think in our very first discussion we had, which was what?

00:42:02.000 Seven, eight years ago?

00:42:04.000 At least.

00:42:04.000 Yeah.

00:42:05.000 Yeah.

00:42:06.000 So we talked about this a little bit.

00:42:09.000 Geophysics shows that there's horizontal movement, lateral movement of the Earth's crust Because of continental drift, but there's also vertical movement.

00:42:20.000 And that is the result of isostatic compensation.

00:42:25.000 That's called, isostasy is the vertical movement of the Earth's crust.

00:42:28.000 I can show you, I should have a slide right here that will help to really illustrate what it is.

00:42:34.000 Let me back up to, let's see.

00:42:42.000 Should be right in here.

00:42:46.000 Ah, here we go.

00:42:48.000 Okay, so now this is the shore of Hudson Bay.

00:42:50.000 Now this is where the ice sheet was the thickest, right?

00:42:54.000 Now what are you seeing there?

00:42:56.000 Hudson Bay is up here.

00:42:58.000 These are shorelines.

00:43:01.000 Because when the ice was removed, the land started rising back.

00:43:06.000 So here's sea level.

00:43:08.000 Land is rising back.

00:43:09.000 And the land is rising because of a lack of weight of the ice?

00:43:12.000 Yes.

00:43:13.000 Right.

00:43:13.000 So you're sitting on a soft cushiony chair right now, right?

00:43:17.000 Are you?

00:43:18.000 Yep.

00:43:18.000 Okay.

00:43:19.000 So your ass is causing isostatic depression of that cushion on your chair. 1.00

00:43:23.000 Right, right. 1.00

00:43:24.000 And if you sit up, you'll have isostatic compensation.

00:43:28.000 So that's what that is along many, many, many lines.

00:43:32.000 Yes.

00:43:32.000 Those are all shorelines.

00:43:34.000 Here's another view of it.

00:43:36.000 Wow.

00:43:36.000 Here's another view.

00:43:38.000 Wow.

00:43:39.000 That's the land rebounding a couple of thousand feet after the ice was removed.

00:43:44.000 Now, the ice was removed, and all of those trillions of tons of weight, where did it go?

00:43:51.000 In the Atlantic Ocean.

00:43:53.000 Now, you look, the thinnest crust on the Earth is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

00:43:57.000 And if you look at it, you'll see that there are transform faults, which should show up.

00:44:07.000 Right here, the transform faults are these vertical fault lines That you would say orthogonal or right angles to the ridge itself.

00:44:18.000 Here you can see very clearly the triple plate junction and how the Azores plateau.

00:44:24.000 Okay, well, since the 1940s, the first expedition in 1948, when they started doing dredge samples from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, which coincidentally, the name of the ship was the Atlantis.

00:44:40.000 They dredge core samples, and they pull up the core samples from two miles down, a mile to two miles down, and they look at those core samples, and what you had was, for example, shallow water creatures living.

00:44:53.000 They weren't living.

00:44:53.000 They were now You know, they had been drowned.

00:44:56.000 You had creatures that typically lived under 100 feet of seawater.

00:45:01.000 And now they're a mile, mile and a half below.

00:45:04.000 And they're on the flanks of this place right here.

00:45:08.000 So these are fossils that they're finding?

00:45:09.000 Yes.

00:45:10.000 And they're finding fossils that ordinarily you would find in some place that was very shallow.

00:45:16.000 Very shallow.

00:45:17.000 Very shallow, yes.

00:45:18.000 Or relatively shallow, 100 feet.

00:45:19.000 100 feet, yes.

00:45:22.000 So this is the basic idea here.

00:45:24.000 This goes back to the 60s.

00:45:25.000 As it says right here, the possible tectonic implications of glacial eustatic.

00:45:29.000 Now, eustatic is the rise and fall of sea level correlated with the increase and decrease of glacial ice.

00:45:37.000 So if the ice is increasing, sea level is falling, and we call that eustatic sea level fall.

00:45:43.000 If the ice is shrinking, melting, sea level is rising.

00:45:46.000 So that's a eustatic rise.

00:45:48.000 So that's the meaning of that.

00:45:50.000 When you see glacial eustatic, That means the rise and fall of the sea level as a result of glacier growth or melting.

00:45:59.000 And it says here, sea level fluctuations have received only minor attention in connection with such problems as ocean floor spreading.

00:46:07.000 The purpose of this report is to point out that late Pleistocene sea level data suggests that the ocean basins have responded isostatically and by a significant amount, particularly concentrated along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

00:46:26.000 So, I mean, I've got so much here, I'm just going to grab a couple of these things here.

00:46:31.000 Yeah.

00:46:31.000 So they dug up these cobbles, which are – the cobbles are So a cobble is basically a stone or anything that's lithified that's roughly between a pebble and a boulder.

00:46:49.000 A boulder, when you get I think to 11 inches about the size of a volleyball, now you're in the realm of boulders.

00:46:55.000 A cobble is in between pebbles and boulders.

00:46:57.000 You've heard of cobblestone streets.

00:47:00.000 They're fist-sized rocks basically.

00:47:04.000 So they say here, the Atlantis cruiser and Great Meteor sea mounts rise from a broad ridge or plateau which extends from the mid-Atlantic ridge, blah, blah, blah.

00:47:11.000 Let's see.

00:47:13.000 So about a ton of flat pteropod limestone cobbles was dredged from the summit area of one of these sunken, what they're calling the sea mounts.

00:47:24.000 And a sea mount is like a flat-topped mountain.

00:47:27.000 Right?

00:47:27.000 Like the top of the mountain has been sheared off.

00:47:30.000 Okay?

00:47:30.000 So they pulled up these limestones, right?

00:47:34.000 These limestone cobbles.

00:47:36.000 They dated them.

00:47:37.000 One of the cobbles gave an apparent radiocarbon age of 12,000 years, plus or minus 900 years.

00:47:44.000 The state of lithification, how much it is turned into rock, of the limestone suggests that it may have been lithified under sub-aerial conditions.

00:47:53.000 In other words, in the atmosphere.

00:47:56.000 That's what that means.

00:47:58.000 It may have been lithified under sub-aerial conditions, and the seamount may have been an island within the past 12,000 years.

00:48:06.000 So, I mean, we could go through, again, hours of this kind of research.

00:48:10.000 And why it's been pushed off to the side is anybody's guess.

00:48:14.000 But it just doesn't fit the paradigm.

00:48:17.000 But yeah, basically—now this doesn't prove that there was any civilization there, but we can make a very strong case that a large section of the Azores Plateau was above sea level during the late glacial maximum.

00:48:31.000 Does it coincide with Plato's account of trade and of travel and of the way— Well, we have no way of knowing.

00:48:39.000 See, now there we have to make a leap of faith, which is this.

00:48:43.000 If—and if we look right here, you'll see— You can see it very clearly, and you can see the Straits of Gibraltar here, which was anciently known as the Pillars of Heracles.

00:48:55.000 And you come here to a group of islands, and then you get to the Azores Plateau.

00:49:03.000 And here, these down here are those seamounts, those truncated seamounts.

00:49:07.000 So, really, all you have to do—here's the leap of faith you have to make.

00:49:12.000 You have to go—now, we don't I don't get into anything like flying spaceships or crystal ray guns or anything like that.

00:49:21.000 I just go by what Plato says.

00:49:23.000 What he's describing is a maritime culture that had navigational abilities, something along the lines of the Minoan or the Phoenician culture maybe.

00:49:31.000 By an order of magnitude, right?

00:49:33.000 So now, all we have to do, really, is assume this, which to me is not so pseudoscientific that we couldn't even consider it, which is that somebody, some group in the Ice Age had enough navigational skills to sail from Europe to islands right here.

00:49:52.000 And what would be the reason why they would go there?

00:49:55.000 Like, what was so exceptional, supposedly, about Atlantis?

00:49:58.000 Well, I'll show you one thing.

00:49:59.000 It was a hub of trade.

00:50:00.000 It was supposed to be a very advanced city, right?

00:50:04.000 Well, advanced in the standpoint that, yes, it was gauged in trade.

00:50:08.000 It had a broad net of cultural connections around the world.

00:50:16.000 But if you look at this...

00:50:18.000 This is, if you go right here, let's see, the position of the Gulf Stream during Quaternary Glaciations.

00:50:24.000 In the present-day North Atlantic Ocean, the boundary between the subtropical and subpolar gyres runs southwest to northeast, from Hatteras to the Northern Sea.

00:50:35.000 So, we'll get down here right here.

00:50:36.000 In contrast, during the last glacial maximum approximately 18,000 years ago, the gyre boundary and associated currents were more zonal and located further to the south.

00:50:45.000 So, here's a map showing Basically what you would have had.

00:50:49.000 So this is the Gulf Stream, so it's bringing up the warm equatorial waters and wrapping it right around the Azores.

00:50:57.000 So if you were going to try to, you know, theorize or hypothesize an ideal climate during the Ice Age, there it is right there.

00:51:09.000 You see?

00:51:11.000 That Gulf Stream, you know, it's the Gulf Stream now, which is why you have You know, warmth basically in the UK. Right.

00:51:18.000 And is there any physical evidence other than the cobblestones or anything?

00:51:24.000 Yeah?

00:51:25.000 Plant remains.

00:51:26.000 Dredged up plant remains, yes.

00:51:28.000 Oh.

00:51:29.000 Yeah.

00:51:30.000 Plant remains that would have been growing, you know, in a climate, you know, not consistent with the icing.

00:51:38.000 What about anything that would indicate human settlement?

00:51:42.000 No.

00:51:43.000 Not yet.

00:51:44.000 Although I've heard some things, I haven't seen confirmation.

00:51:48.000 I think it's going to take submersible.

00:51:51.000 You know, we're just at the very beginnings of submarine archaeology.

00:51:55.000 And how deep is this area again?

00:51:57.000 Well, you see, right now, it is – the Azores are actually islands that are above sea level.

00:52:06.000 And the major part of the plateau is a mile to mile and a half underwater.

00:52:12.000 So that's where all the action would be?

00:52:15.000 Most likely, yes.

00:52:17.000 Yes.

00:52:17.000 And is there any sort of plan to do an excavation or some sort of an expedition where they go underwater and look at some of that stuff and try to find some physical elements?

00:52:29.000 Not yet, but I was thinking, Joe, that you and I would see what...

00:52:34.000 Okay.

00:52:35.000 You ready to take a ride?

00:52:36.000 Do you know James Cameron?

00:52:37.000 Maybe we could borrow his submarine.

00:52:38.000 Well, I don't want to say this, but I've actually had somebody contact me who's two steps removed.

00:52:44.000 I won't get into that because I don't like to count chickens.

00:52:47.000 You know what I'm saying?

00:52:47.000 I get it.

00:52:48.000 Yeah.

00:52:48.000 James Cameron, if you're out there, I'm with you, brother.

00:52:51.000 Yeah.

00:52:52.000 Yeah.

00:52:53.000 Let's go find it.

00:52:54.000 When we're not recording.

00:52:55.000 That guy's a wild man.

00:52:56.000 I know.

00:52:57.000 Literally, I mean, first of all, he's one of the most successful movie producers in the history of the human race, right?

00:53:03.000 Yeah. 0.99

00:53:03.000 But yet he's so crazy, he gets in a submarine and goes to the bottom of the fucking ocean. 0.99

00:53:09.000 Right. 1.00

00:53:09.000 See, and here's the thing. 1.00

00:53:12.000 And a lot of what I'm documenting here is how catastrophic some of these events were.

00:53:18.000 I mean you would have had massive tsunamis that would have affected everything.

00:53:24.000 And like Plato says, Atlantis subsided beneath the waves because of a great earthquake.

00:53:32.000 And we can actually show now that That there has evidence of massive traumatic seismic events along the mid-Atlantic ridge coincident with the rapid rise of sea level.

00:53:45.000 So a lot of the pieces fit together.

00:53:49.000 Doesn't prove anything, but to me it makes the case that it might be worth it to go down and have a look, a closer look.

00:53:56.000 All they would need is some pottery, right?

00:53:58.000 All they would need is something.

00:54:00.000 My guess is that whether it's to be taken literally or not, … Plato's description of the infrastructure.

00:54:08.000 I would think that the infrastructure, the multi-ringed, if that was real and not just metaphorical, that that's kind of what you would look for.

00:54:17.000 Trevor Burrus Some of it.

00:54:18.000 Yeah.

00:54:18.000 In other words, I mean we do know that these ancient peoples You know, just from historical times where—and this is what Graham documents from all over the world.

00:54:27.000 These people had extraordinary engineering skill.

00:54:30.000 The ability to, you know, organize on a huge scale, you know, quarry 50, 100, 200 ton and larger stones, move them around with impunity.

00:54:42.000 All over the world.

00:54:43.000 And that to me has always struck me as a builder.

00:54:46.000 I've had a little bit of experience moving beams and things that weigh half a ton to a ton.

00:54:51.000 And I know what's involved.

00:54:52.000 If you don't have a crane, You've got to do it manually.

00:54:56.000 So I'm doing that, and I'm often thinking, wait a second, what if I'm going to do 2.3 million stones that weigh this much?

00:55:03.000 Right, like the temple, like Giza.

00:55:05.000 Yeah.

00:55:06.000 I mean, that's a hell of a lot of work and social organization that's required.

00:55:11.000 And math.

00:55:12.000 Yeah.

00:55:13.000 And, hey, does it make sense that you've got these kinds of undertakings, you know, By people that were just a generation or two before subsistence farmers or hunter-gatherers?

00:55:27.000 I just have a hard time with that.

00:55:30.000 It's definitely interesting.

00:55:34.000 It's also interesting how some parts of the world were so sophisticated in relationship to other parts of the world.

00:55:42.000 Whereas some parts of Europe weren't that sophisticated at all, Egypt was thriving in making construction on a scale that boggles the mind today. 0.90

00:55:53.000 Trevor Burrus And we've seen even in recent times advanced technological cultures living side by side with basically Stone Age cultures.

00:56:00.000 And if this planet was to be subjected to some of the kinds of events like the Younger Dryas event, There would be really no trace in 10,000 years of our presence here other than the Stone Age material.

00:56:17.000 Right.

00:56:17.000 Like all of our hard drives, all of our phones, all be deteriorated and disappear.

00:56:22.000 All plastic is gone.

00:56:22.000 Gone.

00:56:23.000 Everything's gone.

00:56:24.000 Cars, gone.

00:56:25.000 I was trying to have a conversation with my kids about this.

00:56:28.000 We were talking about books and how even books are going away and books are becoming hard drives.

00:56:34.000 Yeah, yeah.

00:56:35.000 And I'm saying, do you know, like if something happened, everything we know would be gone so quickly.

00:56:42.000 Yeah.

00:56:42.000 It's a real problem because it's so convenient.

00:56:45.000 My phone has a terabyte of data on it, which is astounding.

00:56:50.000 I know.

00:56:51.000 It's astounding that you could have that much data on your phone.

00:56:53.000 But if that phone dies...

00:56:57.000 All that stuff's gone.

00:56:58.000 All that stuff is gone.

00:57:00.000 If we got hit, if something hit us, if we lost the power grid for a decade, if we got down to...

00:57:08.000 Like we were talking before this podcast about the Toba volcano in Indonesia.

00:57:13.000 Yeah.

00:57:14.000 And about how 74,000 years ago it knocked the human race down to a few thousand people.

00:57:20.000 I'm sure you saw it because I thought of you when it happened.

00:57:22.000 I saw that volcano that erupted in the middle of the ocean when you could see it from space.

00:57:28.000 Fascinating.

00:57:29.000 Fascinating eruption.

00:57:30.000 And here's the thing, Joe.

00:57:32.000 I mean...

00:57:34.000 If we were to have, like, if you go back to, you heard about the year without a summer, 1816?

00:57:41.000 No.

00:57:41.000 Tambora, plus several other unknown volcanoes erupted within about a five-year span.

00:57:48.000 Tambora was the big one, Indonesia, and it It disgorged huge amounts of ash and fine sediment into the atmosphere, which circled the globe and basically the summer of 18—this was in 1815—the following summer,

00:58:05.000 there was basically no summer.

00:58:08.000 They were having Fourth of July commemoration in New England and it was snowing out.

00:58:17.000 4th of July.

00:58:18.000 And this has been referred to as the last great subsistence crisis of Western civilization because there was famine because you had agricultural failures.

00:58:30.000 So you have this thing that you can begin to track now.

00:58:35.000 Where you have primarily cold that's brought about by, I think, primarily volcanism is going to be the main instigator of this, but also I think hypervelocity impacts will also do.

00:58:50.000 And we'll pull up some data here shortly that shows that hypervelocity impacts are way, way more common than was even assumed a decade, two decades, certainly a generation ago.

00:59:03.000 That these things are—we've actually been rather lucky in the last few centuries that we've not had Any major impacts.

00:59:10.000 Tunguska of 1908 is considered the most recent great impact, and we can talk about that in a minute.

00:59:16.000 You've heard of that, right?

00:59:17.000 Sure.

00:59:17.000 Yeah, that's the one over Siberia.

00:59:20.000 It impacted in the sky above the forest and flattened massive amounts of trees.

00:59:26.000 Massive, yes, yes.

00:59:27.000 That was one that erroneously they associated with Tesla for some reason.

00:59:31.000 They thought that Tesla was doing something wacky.

00:59:34.000 Yeah, well, that's the tinfoil hat brigade.

00:59:36.000 The evidence to me suggests very strongly that it was a piece of the torrid meteor stream, which was a byproduct of disintegration of comet Anki, which was in turn—and this gets us back to the British neocatastrophists.

00:59:50.000 Is Anki named after the Sumerian Anki?

00:59:52.000 No.

00:59:53.000 I think it was named after an astronomer who discovered it.

00:59:56.000 Most comets are named after whoever discovers them.

00:59:59.000 So it's spelled a little different.

01:00:01.000 E-N-C-K-E as opposed to E-N-K-I. But coincidence though, Anki. 0.80

01:00:08.000 Anyways, so Comet Anki was probably part of a much bigger system and it was probably Earth's encounter with the tarred meteor stream that triggered the Younger Dryas impacts.

01:00:21.000 That's kind of a lot of the pieces are sort of fitting together now.

01:00:24.000 And the Torrid Meteor Stream was a much more prolific meteor stream in the past than it is now.

01:00:30.000 The Earth crosses the Torrid Meteor Stream twice each year.

01:00:35.000 Peaks late October, early November when the stream, if you got a picture, I actually have a graphic I can pull up in a minute, but you picture this stream circling the Sun and going out to Jupiter and then Circling back,

01:00:51.000 coming around the Sun, and it's laying into the plane of the ecliptic, Earth's orbit crosses that stream twice.

01:00:58.000 So it crosses the stream when the stuff is coming in from out by Jupiter, and that's around Halloween.

01:01:06.000 In fact, they've been called the Halloween meteors.

01:01:09.000 Circle around the Sun, and the second time the Earth crosses each year is late June, early July.

01:01:16.000 But now, that stream is coming right from the direction of the sun.

01:01:20.000 So that makes it largely invisible, right?

01:01:23.000 Because you're looking right almost into the sun, see?

01:01:26.000 Now, when you look at the Tunguska event, It was June 30th, peak of the torrid meteor stream.

01:01:32.000 If you look at its position in the sky, where it came from, it was perfectly positioned to be part of that torrid meteor stream.

01:01:41.000 So it was probably, most likely, nobody's proven it, but the circumstantial case is very strong that it was a part of that torrid meteor stream.

01:01:50.000 And the torrid meteor stream right now, the radium, the place in space where that The meteors appear to be emanating.

01:01:58.000 It's almost targeted right on the Pleiades, which is the shoulder of the bull, the constellation of the bull, Taurus.

01:02:06.000 And there's a whole bunch of really interesting mythology associated with that that we could dive into.

01:02:14.000 Particularly like, for example, have you ever heard of Mithraism?

01:02:18.000 Mithraism was the, like, first century AD, was the primary competitor to Christianity throughout the whole Roman Empire.

01:02:26.000 And Christianity won out for a variety of reasons, but Mithraism was loaded with some really potent symbolism.

01:02:33.000 And one of the things is that during the Mithraic ceremonies or rituals was called the toroctony, the slaying of the celestial bull.

01:02:43.000 And when you look at these images, they would go underground, and they would have a vault-shaped, like, temple with stars painted on the ceiling.

01:02:53.000 And at the end of that, they would have this carving of Mithras stabbing his sword into the—slaying the bull, the celestial bull—stabbing his sword into the shoulder of the bull, and the blood flowing out And if you superimpose the constellation of the Taurus in the classical sense,

01:03:18.000 the shoulder of the bull is the Pleiades.

01:03:21.000 I look at that and I go, I think what they're trying to symbolize here is that On a yearly basis, they would see this meteor stream pouring out of the shoulder of the bull.

01:03:33.000 And I could certainly pull up some stuff like that to look at.

01:03:37.000 I thought really quickly, since before we leave the Atlantis thing, A couple of the things there is.

01:03:45.000 So now Solon is in Egypt, Sias, Egypt.

01:03:48.000 He's talking to the ancient priests, right?

01:03:51.000 And he says, thereupon one of the priests, who was of a very great age, said, O Solon, Solon, you Hellenes are but children.

01:03:59.000 And there is never an old man who is a Hellene. 0.99

01:04:01.000 Solon, hearing this, said, what do you mean?

01:04:04.000 The old priest said, Wow. 0.89

01:04:31.000 There is a story which even you, even you Helenes who don't know shit, you know, you're like children with your knowledge, there's a story which even you have preserved, that once upon a time, Phaeton, the son of Helios, yoked to steeds of his father's chariot because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, 0.97

01:04:50.000 burned up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. 0.96

01:04:55.000 Now, here's the key passage.

01:04:57.000 Now, this has the form of a myth.

01:05:00.000 But really signifies a declination of the bodies moving around the earth and in the heavens, and a great conflagration of things, all things upon the earth recurring at long intervals of time.

01:05:13.000 So he's saying right there, he's saying, okay, this has a form of a myth, but it's not really a myth.

01:05:18.000 Behind the myth is something real, and it's The bodies circulating in the heavens, they decline or they descend to earth and they set the earth on fire.

01:05:26.000 So he's describing right there, you see, this whole phenomenon and making it clear that there's more dimensions to what we think of as myths than just some mere fanciful superstitious, you know, concoction to try to explain the unknown,

01:05:43.000 that there really is something going on behind there.

01:05:46.000 That's, to me, really significant.

01:05:49.000 It's really fascinating, too, when he's talking about how there's no old science and that everyone is young.

01:05:56.000 It's really interesting when you think about someone from that long ago trying to make an account of what had happened to the Earth with a relatively simplistic view,

01:06:12.000 a relatively simplistic understanding of the sky, of asteroids, of Volcanoes, of all these different things.

01:06:21.000 All these things, yeah.

01:06:22.000 Yeah, but the way they're describing it coincides.

01:06:26.000 Once you have modern knowledge and understanding of these things, you go, I think I see what they were trying to say.

01:06:32.000 That is so interesting.

01:06:34.000 Isn't it, though?

01:06:34.000 Yeah, I mean, because...

01:06:36.000 Dorothy Vitaliano, who was a geologist back – I think she died in the early 90s.

01:06:42.000 She was one of the forerunners of looking at the Atlantis thing and deciding that it was just a myth, that it was made up.

01:06:51.000 Of course, when she was looking at this back in the 70s, she didn't have access to the data that we now have.

01:06:57.000 Okay.

01:06:58.000 She was the one who coined the term geomythology and said, you know what, we really need to be taking a closer look at some of the myths of old because they actually may contain really valid information about things that happened in the past.

01:07:14.000 And, of course, since then, yeah, it's emerged into like a whole discipline in itself, looking at stories like the one we just looked at, Phaeton.

01:07:22.000 It's a story about a great meteor or comet or asteroid something, you know, causing destruction on the earth.

01:07:30.000 And Plato was saying, this is not just a myth.

01:07:34.000 It's literal.

01:07:35.000 You know, it really represents.

01:07:38.000 Completely makes sense.

01:07:39.000 Yeah.

01:07:40.000 And then he goes on to say, if any action which is noble or great or in any other way remarkable has taken place, all that has been written down of old and is preserved in our temples.

01:07:51.000 Whereas you and other nations are just being provided with letters and other requisites of civilized life, and then, at the usual period, the stream from heaven descends like a pestilence.

01:08:04.000 And I find the use of that term stream is interesting because we're talking about a meteor stream.

01:08:08.000 Right?

01:08:09.000 And we're looking at events that may have been caused by the influx of enormous amounts of cosmic material.

01:08:17.000 And I think that's the best way to explain what happened at the end of the last ice age.

01:08:22.000 A lot of the critics have tried to oversimplify it and say, well, you had just one object coming in.

01:08:29.000 That can't explain it.

01:08:30.000 Right?

01:08:31.000 But the ideas, the models that have evolved are not just a single event.

01:08:36.000 But multiple events, almost like, again, back to the British neocatastrophists, the idea of sort of an impact epoch, which has to do with meteor streams will precess.

01:08:50.000 They will move.

01:08:51.000 So there will be times when the Earth is crossing the stream and other times when the Earth is more or less missing the stream.

01:08:58.000 It's just the analogy I use is You're out driving down a country road and, you know, you're all by yourself.

01:09:05.000 You're listening to some tunes.

01:09:07.000 You're kicked back.

01:09:07.000 There's nobody else on the road.

01:09:09.000 So, you know, it's relaxed.

01:09:11.000 You're not paying a lot of attention, right?

01:09:15.000 Your probabilities of getting an impact are very low.

01:09:18.000 But now you come up to an intersection, right?

01:09:21.000 Now there's cars.

01:09:22.000 It's a major intersection.

01:09:23.000 There's cars going both ways.

01:09:25.000 So now your probabilities of getting into an accident are going to increase by several orders of magnitude.

01:09:33.000 Now to take the analogy further, you'll know that sometimes if it's 3 a.m., maybe your probabilities are low.

01:09:42.000 If it's 5 p.m., Your probabilities are high.

01:09:46.000 And if you just shut your eyes and you cross that intersection, boom, you might get slammed.

01:09:52.000 Same way.

01:09:53.000 Think of that.

01:09:53.000 Think of a meteor stream and in that meteor stream there are pockets where the material is denser and other places where it's spread out much finer.

01:10:03.000 And there will be times of the year or times within, say, a millennia Where you may have the Earth intersecting that meteor stream in a much more denser part than other centuries.

01:10:17.000 During that period, you're going to have an increased probability of something happening.

01:10:22.000 And I think this is the model that's emerging now.

01:10:26.000 That we're realizing that the structure of space in Earth's vicinity is a whole lot more complex than we I'd previously even imagined a generation ago.

01:10:36.000 It completely makes sense, but it is horrific to think that the history of the human race and its survival is dependent upon, in a lot of ways, luck.

01:10:47.000 It is.

01:10:48.000 Yeah.

01:10:49.000 So, I thought I would run through this just I call this Close Encounters.

01:10:55.000 This is not by any means comprehensive. 0.99

01:10:58.000 But I've been tracking this shit for decades now. 0.98

01:11:01.000 So I call this Close Encounters. 0.98

01:11:03.000 And I'm just gonna go through very fast just to give the impression of what we're talking about here.

01:11:08.000 Okay.

01:11:09.000 We started out, yeah, this 88, that's when I started tracking this stuff.

01:11:14.000 1988?

01:11:15.000 Yeah, March 23rd, 1988. Earth just dodged this big asteroid.

01:11:20.000 Now we'll just go through and you can see 1989, giant asteroid makes close paths by Earth.

01:11:27.000 1991, near-miss of Earth by small asteroid.

01:11:30.000 Now, of course, the small asteroid can still do a hell of a lot of damage.

01:11:33.000 Tunguska was a small asteroid.

01:11:36.000 1994, asteroid comes within 65,000 miles of Earth.

01:11:40.000 96, it was a close call for planet Earth.

01:11:44.000 2000, study raises number of dangerous asteroids.

01:11:49.000 Later in that year, asteroid estimates too low.

01:11:54.000 Asteroid makes close approach.

01:11:57.000 Scientists worry over asteroids.

01:12:00.000 Huge asteroid nearly misses Earth, January 7th, 2002. January 7th, large asteroid passes close to Earth.

01:12:07.000 A asteroid large enough to wipe out France.

01:12:10.000 Yes.

01:12:11.000 Earth will just pass Earth at a distance of a half a million miles.

01:12:14.000 So that's twice the distance to the moon.

01:12:16.000 Had it been on a collision course, it would have created one of the worst disasters in human history, said Steven Pravdo, the NEAT project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

01:12:26.000 Wow.

01:12:27.000 And this is just 2002. Yep.

01:12:29.000 Had it hit.

01:12:30.000 Yeah.

01:12:31.000 March 8th.

01:12:32.000 You know, an asteroid large enough to have flattened the city, buzzed Earth earlier this month, and was not seen until after it flew harmlessly by.

01:12:41.000 Oh my god.

01:12:42.000 That's the thing about the sun, right?

01:12:44.000 Like that it was coming from the sun, so it was coming from that same area?

01:12:47.000 In Tunguska, yes.

01:12:48.000 Now this, I just, unless you're looking in the right place for it, you're not going to necessarily see it.

01:12:54.000 I like the article too, highlighting cosmic blind spot.

01:12:58.000 Yeah.

01:12:59.000 That's a terrifying thought.

01:13:00.000 Yeah.

01:13:02.000 And then the same year, June 14th, asteroid 2002 MN gives Earth its closest shave in years.

01:13:09.000 An asteroid the size of a football pitch, well, that would be, you know, 100 yards in diameter, which is quite a bit bigger than the Tunguska.

01:13:18.000 That one's close, 75,000 miles.

01:13:21.000 Yeah.

01:13:21.000 That's really close.

01:13:22.000 That's really close.

01:13:23.000 Well inside Earth's orbit, or the Moon's orbit, rather.

01:13:26.000 Yeah.

01:13:26.000 Same event.

01:13:29.000 August 7th, near miss, asteroid whizzes past Earth.

01:13:33.000 This is 800 meters wide.

01:13:35.000 Now that's many times bigger than the Tunguska.

01:13:39.000 800 meters could wipe out an area bigger than the state of Texas.

01:13:45.000 And it would have global effects.

01:13:47.000 So eight football fields.

01:13:48.000 Yeah.

01:13:49.000 And it can kill an entire state and probably put the entire Earth into some sort of a nuclear winter.

01:13:56.000 Yes, yes.

01:13:58.000 2003, closest asteroid yet flies past Earth.

01:14:01.000 88,000 feet.

01:14:03.000 2004, January 13th, Earth almost put on impact alert.

01:14:08.000 Near miss raises rocky questions.

01:14:11.000 Yes, it does.

01:14:12.000 March 18th, asteroid soars past Earth oh so closely.

01:14:19.000 2005, February 4th, asteroid 2004 MNN, a really near miss.

01:14:25.000 Comet strikes surprisingly more likely.

01:14:28.000 So this is, we're just barely getting by.

01:14:31.000 We're like a guy in an action movie where they're shooting at him and he never gets hit.

01:14:35.000 He never gets hit, yeah.

01:14:36.000 Pretty much.

01:14:37.000 So you can see, I'll just keep going here.

01:14:41.000 Well, for folks that are just listening, he's highlighting article after article after article, headline after headline, asteroid just buzzed Earth, came closer to the moon, and then here we go in 2013. Yeah.

01:14:54.000 Yeah.

01:14:54.000 Fly by Earth.

01:14:55.000 You see, we go from February 15th, now there's another one that year, September 16th.

01:15:01.000 That one was 1,300 feet in diameter, so 10 times more diameter than Tunguska.

01:15:10.000 40,000 miles an hour.

01:15:13.000 Yeah.

01:15:17.000 Halloween asteroid resembling a skull.

01:15:19.000 Oh my god, it does.

01:15:20.000 Look at that.

01:15:21.000 Yeah, doesn't it?

01:15:22.000 That's terrifying.

01:15:23.000 And that bizarre.

01:15:26.000 So this is a very, very common thing.

01:15:29.000 Yes!

01:15:29.000 And we're just getting, oh my god, 27,000 miles?

01:15:32.000 Yeah.

01:15:33.000 One-eighth the distance between the Earth and the Moon.

01:15:35.000 Yeah.

01:15:38.000 So it's really common.

01:15:41.000 Yes!

01:15:42.000 And now we're just looking at when we could record it, when they can track it and measure it, which is within the last hundred years or so.

01:15:49.000 Last 25 or 30 years.

01:15:51.000 Yeah.

01:15:52.000 Really.

01:15:52.000 So with this taken into consideration, and then you go back, you know, 11,000, 12,000 plus years, the amount of times that this has happened has probably been just off the charts.

01:16:05.000 Oh.

01:16:06.000 Hundreds of times.

01:16:07.000 Hundreds of times.

01:16:09.000 Yeah.

01:16:11.000 Here we go.

01:16:11.000 Snuck up on us.

01:16:12.000 Scientists stunned by city killer asteroid that just missed Earth.

01:16:16.000 City killer initially, but probably kill a whole lot more afterwards.

01:16:20.000 Yeah.

01:16:20.000 We were talking about Tonga earlier, the volcano that killed most people.

01:16:27.000 It got the human race down to a few thousand people.

01:16:30.000 Excuse me, Toba.

01:16:31.000 Yeah, 74,000.

01:16:32.000 Well, 74,000 years ago.

01:16:34.000 I think it got people down to a few thousand.

01:16:36.000 They don't really know how many.

01:16:38.000 Right.

01:16:39.000 Genetic bottleneck.

01:16:40.000 But it's the same sort of effect, right?

01:16:42.000 Because of the volcano spraying ash into the sky?

01:16:45.000 Yes.

01:16:46.000 A volcanic winter would be very similar to an impact winter.

01:16:50.000 Very much so.

01:16:53.000 So this is...

01:16:55.000 It's astonishingly common.

01:16:59.000 Yes!

01:17:01.000 600 miles in diameter?

01:17:03.000 Oh, Jesus.

01:17:05.000 Four asteroids are buzzing the Earth in flybys today.

01:17:09.000 Three of them were discovered within the last 24 hours.

01:17:12.000 This is 2019. Yeah.

01:17:14.000 Wow.

01:17:15.000 So it's actually possible that something is headed our way right now.

01:17:21.000 We don't even know about it.

01:17:22.000 Oh, there's no doubt something is headed our way right now.

01:17:26.000 I mean, yeah, because, see, these things, you've got to bear in mind, these things are on orbits.

01:17:31.000 And those orbits, you can track those orbits.

01:17:35.000 And anything that's going to hit us in the future is on a trajectory right now that if we could discover it, track it, we'd go, okay, this thing's going to hit us in 2029, or whatever the case may be.

01:17:49.000 So, yeah.

01:17:53.000 Yeah, so look at this.

01:17:56.000 2,000 feet wide whiz past our planet tomorrow and this is 2019. Yeah.

01:18:03.000 NASA admits, we're not going to know when a space rock flies at Earth.

01:18:09.000 There's a problem also with the gravity of the sun, correct?

01:18:13.000 Like, they don't quite see things that are headed our way just because of the mass of the sun, the way it affects?

01:18:18.000 Yeah, and what we're talking about with the Tunguska is that, you know, if stuff is coming, what you would call the perihelion passage, where it's passed closest to the sun, and now it's coming from around the sun, yeah, you'd have to basically look into the sun to see it.

01:18:35.000 So it'd be very easy to...

01:18:37.000 Very easy to miss.

01:18:39.000 So here at June 2020, biggest asteroid to pass close and undetected this year.

01:18:48.000 Biggest asteroid of 2021 is going to zoom past Earth tonight, flying as fast as 100,000 kilometers per hour.

01:18:55.000 That's 60,000 miles per hour.

01:18:57.000 60,000 miles per hour.

01:19:00.000 Huge asteroid to pass Earth, and this is 2021. Look at the date, doesn't it?

01:19:04.000 12-8.

01:19:05.000 Yeah.

01:19:05.000 That was just not even two months ago.

01:19:08.000 Yeah.

01:19:09.000 One that's 850 feet wide.

01:19:13.000 NASA asteroid warning.

01:19:15.000 Eiffel Tower-sized asteroid narrowly missed Earth in December.

01:19:19.000 Jeez.

01:19:22.000 Asteroids, this is January 11th.

01:19:24.000 This is a couple weeks ago.

01:19:25.000 Yeah.

01:19:26.000 January 11th, an asteroid estimated to be a kilometer wide will pass Earth on January 18th.

01:19:34.000 It will pass within 1.2 million miles of our planet.

01:19:38.000 Which is far enough that we're completely safe.

01:19:41.000 But see, in aggregate of all of this, what we're seeing is that unlike our conceptions of near-Earth space a couple of generations ago, we realize that there's all kinds of cosmic beasts that live in the space that we inhabit.

01:19:56.000 Yeah, because that 1.2 million miles is far, but it's not if you think about how vast space is.

01:20:03.000 Right.

01:20:04.000 Yep.

01:20:06.000 Oh, boy.

01:20:07.000 Yeah.

01:20:08.000 And there you can see from this graph.

01:20:10.000 Okay, look at this chart.

01:20:10.000 Now, this chart's terrifying.

01:20:12.000 Near-Earth asteroid discoveries.

01:20:14.000 And then you look at the difference between 1980, where we had very little understanding of this, and 2022. Well, this goes to 2020, I guess?

01:20:23.000 What was the end of the chart?

01:20:24.000 Around 2020, yeah.

01:20:26.000 Probably more like 2018, I think, when this chart was done.

01:20:30.000 And because of scientific discoveries and the ability to measure, it's off the charts.

01:20:37.000 Yeah.

01:20:38.000 It's crazy.

01:20:38.000 It is.

01:20:39.000 Oh my god.

01:20:42.000 Five billion dollar asteroid.

01:20:44.000 So what is it in this asteroid?

01:20:47.000 Well, they got all kinds of precious metals in them.

01:20:50.000 Yeah.

01:20:51.000 Which is very interesting because that opens up some possibilities for the future if we, the human species, are up to it.

01:20:59.000 If we can figure out how to mine them?

01:21:01.000 Yeah.

01:21:01.000 And there's companies already forming around this idea.

01:21:05.000 I wouldn't be surprised if Elon is thinking along these lines.

01:21:09.000 When you're thinking about something that's going 60,000 miles an hour and it's as big as, you know, multiple football fields, how prepared are we to even deflect something like that?

01:21:23.000 At this point, we're not.

01:21:24.000 We're just not?

01:21:25.000 We're not.

01:21:26.000 We're sitting ducks. 0.99

01:21:28.000 We're screwed. 1.00

01:21:32.000 We're screwed. 1.00

01:21:33.000 Do you have canned food in your house? 0.99

01:21:36.000 I've got about six months worth.

01:21:38.000 Do you?

01:21:38.000 I do, yeah.

01:21:41.000 That's not quite enough, is it?

01:21:43.000 Probably not.

01:21:44.000 Because really, we've got about six months worth of food before our food starts running out.

01:21:50.000 For the world?

01:21:51.000 For the world.

01:21:52.000 So, you know, if we had a dusting, a cosmic winter, a volcanic winter, I mean, that shut down agriculture for a year or two, half the population of the earth is going to be dead within the next year.

01:22:06.000 That's not an exaggeration.

01:22:09.000 So...

01:22:09.000 Well, also you have to deal with the mammals dying as well, right?

01:22:13.000 Because they're going to be without food.

01:22:16.000 Yeah.

01:22:17.000 Yeah.

01:22:18.000 You're going to have...

01:22:19.000 See, now we get into a mass extinction level event.

01:22:23.000 We had that at the Younger Dryas.

01:22:25.000 If you think of all of the megafauna.

01:22:27.000 Megafauna is over 44 kilograms body weight, or about 100 pounds, right?

01:22:34.000 The planet lost about half of all megafaunal species during that Younger Dryas.

01:22:41.000 Now there was already animals disappearing leading up to it because I think it could be attributed to whatever happened at 14,600 years ago where I talked about earlier Meltwater Pulse 1A, right? 0.95

01:22:54.000 That's when the shit really started to seem like it started coming down.

01:22:59.000 And then it peaked Younger Dryas, 12,850. 0.98

01:23:04.000 And then we had the impact winter for 1300 years and at the end of that, it wasn't a gradual warming, it was a catastrophic warming.

01:23:12.000 And by that time, I think whatever species had managed to survive some of the earlier events may have succumbed at that point.

01:23:21.000 You know, the controversy has come down to, was it nature?

01:23:23.000 Was it climate?

01:23:24.000 Was it human hunters?

01:23:25.000 I think it was all of that, but I think hunters was probably a minor contributor to it, because for one thing, it now appears that the human population took a major crash at the same time.

01:23:38.000 Like, we see that there's evidence that the Clovis culture in North America pretty much completely disappeared right at that boundary.

01:23:45.000 Well, they weren't the only ones around the planet.

01:23:48.000 Now, if you go and you look at some of the archaeological evidence, one of the things you see over and over again is, well, there was this cultural group in Japan or wherever, I just read a paper on that recently, and apparently there was some kind of social disruption and they got up and they migrated and moved away.

01:24:08.000 Well, maybe they did, but maybe they didn't move away.

01:24:11.000 Maybe they didn't survive.

01:24:13.000 And there was a tendency to think, well, you have this evidence of cultural habitation of this area for centuries or millennium, and then suddenly you don't.

01:24:22.000 Well, people must have picked up and moved.

01:24:25.000 But maybe that's not the explanation.

01:24:27.000 Maybe it's more a case of they got wiped out.

01:24:30.000 And one of the things you pointed out before is the evidence of there's certain mammals that appear to have died instantaneously, particularly mammoths.

01:24:41.000 Yes.

01:24:42.000 Yeah, woolly rhinos.

01:24:45.000 Yeah, there's been a lot of what you might call flash-frozen animals found in the tundra.

01:24:52.000 And they found large populations of them that seem to have died at the same time.

01:24:57.000 Yeah, mass death, mass mortality events.

01:25:02.000 You showed some images also of what it looks like mammoths with broken legs that look like they've just been blown away by impact.

01:25:12.000 Could have been.

01:25:13.000 Or the...

01:25:14.000 Something.

01:25:15.000 Like the Beresovka mammoth.

01:25:16.000 I think that's the one I showed, which was a mammoth that was frozen in the permafrost.

01:25:22.000 And it was a particular...

01:25:23.000 I think 1901 was a particularly warm year that year in Siberia.

01:25:27.000 And there was a collapse of the ground that exposed this mammoth, right?

01:25:32.000 And he was sitting on his haunches and both of his...

01:25:36.000 Hips were broken, and he had food in his mouth and in his stomach.

01:25:41.000 He'd been eating flowering plants, but now he was six tons in weight, and even the contents of his stomach had not putrefied, which meant that it got frozen.

01:25:52.000 And a scientific study suggested that the entire carcass would have had to have been frozen within about 10 hours to prevent putrefaction of the material in the stomach.

01:26:01.000 So how do you freeze a six-ton mammoth in 10 hours?

01:26:05.000 That's That's where it gets, that's the conundrum.

01:26:08.000 And a six-ton mammoth that had just been eating flowering plants.

01:26:11.000 Yes.

01:26:12.000 Which is crazy.

01:26:13.000 That's crazy.

01:26:13.000 So something had to happen.

01:26:15.000 Something had to happen.

01:26:17.000 Yeah, something happened.

01:26:18.000 And quickly.

01:26:19.000 And this poor woolly mammoth got buried and got frozen. 1.00

01:26:24.000 And we know he got buried quick because he had an erect penis. 1.00

01:26:28.000 Hi. 1.00

01:26:29.000 Well, because that's what happens when you suffocate.

01:26:33.000 Oh, wow.

01:26:34.000 Yeah.

01:26:35.000 Like suddenly entombed.

01:26:36.000 And his whole body is now under pressure, see?

01:26:40.000 So, yeah, very interesting conundrum.

01:26:44.000 There's a lot of those conundrums that are not readily explained through gradualistic conundrums.

01:26:50.000 Trevor Burrus Have you had a conversation with someone who's a blitzkrieg hypothesis who is of the opinion that the vast number of these Native American animals, North American animals, rather?

01:27:01.000 I have not, but I'm pretty much familiar with most of the papers that they've written.

01:27:05.000 And obviously, I think, like I said, I think that perhaps in the aftermath, there was a role for humans.

01:27:12.000 However, when you see the assumption is Again, see, what we know now about the lifeways of those late Ice Age peoples was that they hunted small game, they fished, they foraged.

01:27:29.000 Mammoths would have been the largest, most dangerous animal to hunt.

01:27:34.000 And when you think about the fact that if you look at the estimates for total global population back during the late Pleistocene, it ranged from 5 to 10 million.

01:27:46.000 The estimates that I've seen for the number of mammoths inhabiting the Earth was about 12 million.

01:27:54.000 So you've got at least one mammoth for every man, woman, and child, at least one of the conventional interpretations, on Earth.

01:28:03.000 Now, how do you exterminate not only the woolly mammoths, but the woolly rhinos, the mastodons, the ground sloths, the horses, the saber-toothed cats, the giant short-faced bear, the cave bear,

01:28:19.000 on and on and on and on.

01:28:21.000 Yeah, exactly.

01:28:23.000 So, I just don't think it makes sense.

01:28:25.000 Now, what's that based upon?

01:28:28.000 It's based upon the fact that there have been a few sites that were assumed to be kill sites.

01:28:33.000 Like, for example, at the Blackwater Draw, Clovis, New Mexico, they found a mammoth skeleton with a Clovis point between the ribs, in the rib cage.

01:28:43.000 Then they did this major extrapolation from that, and this goes back to Paul Martin back in the 60s.

01:28:51.000 They did a major extrapolation from that and said, well, oh, they were hunting.

01:28:56.000 Mammoths.

01:28:56.000 Well, there we go.

01:28:57.000 There's the explanation.

01:28:59.000 So they came across in this blitzkrieg, like we were talking about earlier, across the Bering Land Bridge connecting Alaska to Siberia, came down through that ice-free corridor, slaughtering basically all these animals in their pathway as they went.

01:29:13.000 Never mind that no indigenous group culture that we've ever known in history has done that.

01:29:20.000 Right?

01:29:21.000 They were able to slaughter, and I mean we're talking about even the megafauna of South America underwent as great a mass extinction as those in North America.

01:29:30.000 So within a thousand years from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, every Megafaunal species was wiped out, or half of all megafaunal species in North America was three-quarters, roughly the same in South America, were wiped out so completely that they couldn't even viably replenish their species.

01:29:51.000 I think that that's really implausible.

01:29:54.000 And now basically with the evidence that there was catastrophic events that coincided precisely, With the major mass extinction episodes and the fact that human populations seem to have crashed at the same time, well,

01:30:09.000 what that tells us is that, you know, probably, you know, you don't have a catastrophe that's going to wipe out 12 million woolly mammoths and then leave humans completely unscathed.

01:30:20.000 We see the Clovis culture basically disappearing at the Younger Dryas boundary.

01:30:26.000 So where were the people that were able to affect this great extermination event? 0.88

01:30:31.000 If we have this estimate of TOBA, of getting people down to a few thousand people, what's the estimate of the Young Dryas impact?

01:30:38.000 I have not seen estimates, but I would speculate this.

01:30:42.000 One reason it's escaped our attention, particularly, is because there wasn't a genetic bottleneck the same as Toba, because basically that indicates to me—and this, again, I think the empirical data is consistent with this—the stories that we've inherited would suggest that there were dispersed survivors all over the Earth.

01:31:01.000 And so if you have dispersed survivors, we could miss a genetic bottleneck entirely.

01:31:11.000 Yeah.

01:31:12.000 So, dispersed survivors would mean that you have people that do stay alive if they have some sort of access to resources.

01:31:23.000 There's something that they could survive off of, whereas people that had been subsisting off of these animals that had gone extinct and, you know, also the climate had changed radically.

01:31:34.000 It's definitely going to be based upon that, your access to resources.

01:31:41.000 And the habitat destruction is not going to be uniform.

01:31:45.000 So there's going to be some places where, you know, the damage is less severe.

01:31:50.000 And there are going to be, you know, in ecology, when you have a major environmental destruction situation, Oh, a few years ago I went to Mount St. Helens to study how the nature was recovering in the aftermath because you had a couple hundred square miles in the aftermath of Mount St. Helens back in May of 1980 that was just basically turned into a completely decimated lunar landscape.

01:32:17.000 But even within that, There were little pockets of ferns that survived.

01:32:23.000 And from those ferns, you see life gradually beginning to proliferate outwards.

01:32:30.000 And then with an increasing pace as the years go by.

01:32:33.000 And so now maybe a third of the area that was devastated is being reclaimed.

01:32:39.000 Forests are starting to encroach.

01:32:41.000 Another few centuries, the mountain will be pretty much reforested.

01:32:47.000 And so— Which is a very small amount of time relatively for the earth.

01:32:52.000 Yes.

01:32:54.000 Certainly by half a millennium, I think you're going to be seeing forests completely recovering on the mountain.

01:33:01.000 It's such a fascinating subject because I feel like we're so underprepared and under-informed.

01:33:08.000 I feel so few people are even conscious.

01:33:12.000 of like just that closing counter slide that you showed and so many different asteroids have whizzed past us so closely and how we're so accustomed to our supply chain, we're so accustomed to supermarkets and this is the most vulnerable the species has ever been in terms of our ability to subsist.

01:33:31.000 We're almost completely dependent upon these large structures We're completely dependent on supermarkets and supply chains that are coming in on trucks and boats and airplanes.

01:33:44.000 Yeah, and I got to say this though.

01:33:47.000 I think part of the problem is that What we've been looking at here has been kind of pushed off the radar screen because the whole emphasis for the last couple of decades now is, you know, what?

01:33:58.000 Global warming.

01:33:59.000 That, you know, we're responsible for catastrophic climate change and What you don't want to really be talking about too much is that there has been repeated episodes, too many to count, episodes of catastrophic climate change that we had nothing to do with.

01:34:16.000 We were not the perpetrators.

01:34:17.000 We were the victims.

01:34:18.000 I think people that would counter that would say, that doesn't mean that we should ignore the human impact on the climate.

01:34:24.000 Absolutely not.

01:34:26.000 I'm total agreement with that.

01:34:27.000 But I think that we need to have a realistic perspective.

01:34:31.000 Of what's really dangerous.

01:34:32.000 Yes.

01:34:32.000 And we're really dangerous in the short term.

01:34:35.000 Like in terms of possibilities.

01:34:37.000 Yes.

01:34:38.000 That would be my take on it.

01:34:40.000 And is there anything that we could have done differently to prepare ourselves for impacts?

01:34:45.000 Like if we – say if this knowledge that you're talking about right here, if this had been widely distributed say two decades ago, could there have been some methods put into place or something?

01:34:57.000 Well, if we had kept up the momentum of our space program from the 60s, We could be there now.

01:35:02.000 You think they would be able to have something that could knock these things off course?

01:35:07.000 The DART, the mission that was just launched that's going to rendezvous with an asteroid, is to test the possibility of – see, here's the thing.

01:35:17.000 If we can find an asteroid in orbit, right?

01:35:21.000 We can trace its pathway into the future.

01:35:24.000 We know, okay, we got 10 years, 20 years, that asteroid is going to be crossing Earth's orbit at the precise moment the Earth is there.

01:35:31.000 This is how they were able to predict, remember 1994, July, Shoemaker leaving 9?

01:35:38.000 21 objects slammed into Jupiter in July of 1994. That was predicted over a year in advance, right?

01:35:46.000 So we had basically 15 months.

01:35:48.000 It took from the discovery to the point where its trajectory could be What could be predicted was about three or four months of observations.

01:35:59.000 Over those three or four months of observations, the scientists, the astronomers were able to go, okay, it's tracing this arc of an ellipse at this velocity.

01:36:11.000 Well, we can project that into the future and we can recreate the entire ellipse And we can, by using gravitational perturbation theory and all of that, we can predict that, you know, 15 or a year from now, this was after three months of observation, a year from now,

01:36:26.000 it's going to be back out and it's going to be crossing the orbit of Jupiter.

01:36:30.000 Well, guess what?

01:36:31.000 It's crossing the orbit of Jupiter at that precise week that Jupiter is there.

01:36:36.000 So they were able to predict a year in advance right down to the day when those impacts were going to occur.

01:36:43.000 Same thing with Earth.

01:36:45.000 If we had enough lead time, that's the key.

01:36:47.000 And then the technologies in place.

01:36:49.000 The technologies would be the simplest thing, I think, and the one that makes the most sense to me, is that if you catch it early enough, A direct hit, a little nudge, could turn a direct hit into a wide miss.

01:37:05.000 And how difficult is it to calculate whether or not it's going to hit us from distance?

01:37:11.000 If you've got enough observations, it's not that difficult.

01:37:17.000 It's not that—just like it was pretty much straightforward, you have what are called the orbital elements.

01:37:22.000 And you can do some mathematical equations on those orbital elements and that will tell you when and where it's going to be.

01:37:30.000 And so then they would just shoot some sort of rocket at it and knock it off course.

01:37:33.000 Probably the best thing would be you actually just go and – and I think that what the DART mission is looking at is actually attaching an object with booster rockets on it.

01:37:44.000 Attaching that to the asteroid.

01:37:46.000 And pushing it.

01:37:47.000 And pushing it.

01:37:48.000 And now a direct hit.

01:37:51.000 It's a miss.

01:37:52.000 Right.

01:37:52.000 And is it the same thing like you would think about with a ship, that if two ships are going in a parallel line, if you just knock one of them slightly off course over time, it's far...

01:38:03.000 Yes.

01:38:03.000 Oh, okay.

01:38:04.000 That's exactly the idea, Joe.

01:38:06.000 Yeah.

01:38:06.000 Exactly.

01:38:08.000 Now, I'm...

01:38:08.000 Has anybody ever contacted you about this stuff from the government?

01:38:11.000 What's that?

01:38:12.000 Has anybody ever contacted you about this stuff?

01:38:15.000 Yes.

01:38:16.000 Really?

01:38:17.000 Now, this is a man that I would highly recommend you get sitting right here and talk to him.

01:38:25.000 No longer Lieutenant Colonel Matt Lohmeyer.

01:38:29.000 Matt Lohmeyer was the head of the Space Force until he wrote a book criticizing the pandemic of wokeism infecting the military.

01:38:40.000 So now, He reached out to me several years ago.

01:38:45.000 He was a test pilot, highly decorated, highly accomplished test pilot in the Air Force.

01:38:52.000 He got chosen to be one of the leaders in the Air Force.

01:38:55.000 He got chosen to be one of the leaders in Space Force.

01:38:59.000 He actually did.

01:39:00.000 There's a video.

01:39:01.000 I bet you Jamie could pull it up.

01:39:02.000 If you put Matt Lohmeyer Donald Trump.

01:39:09.000 We're connected to your computer today.

01:39:11.000 Pardon me?

01:39:12.000 We're on your computer.

01:39:13.000 Oh.

01:39:14.000 Okay.

01:39:14.000 So I can't.

01:39:15.000 Sorry.

01:39:16.000 Is that the HDMI? Yeah.

01:39:18.000 You could do it.

01:39:19.000 I guess I could do it.

01:39:20.000 Let's try it.

01:39:21.000 You're not on the internet?

01:39:22.000 We didn't.

01:39:23.000 Unless you connected.

01:39:26.000 So Matt has been on, you know, he's, well, he was on Tucker Carlson after this happened.

01:39:31.000 So he got...

01:39:32.000 So he had a criticism about wokeism, right?

01:39:36.000 So like what particularly was bothering him about wokeism in the military?

01:39:40.000 Well, he wrote a book about it, which I read like...

01:39:44.000 A year and a half ago.

01:39:45.000 But basically just the political correctness and what you were allowed to talk about and not talk about.

01:39:53.000 Irresistible Revolutions was the name of his book.

01:39:55.000 So he published the book.

01:39:57.000 He did a couple of interviews and they canned him.

01:40:00.000 Highly, highly skilled.

01:40:03.000 You know, we spent probably several hundred million dollars training this guy.

01:40:07.000 Jamie, will you text me this?

01:40:08.000 Text me this guy's name and his book?

01:40:12.000 I'll look it up and maybe I'll contact him after this.

01:40:16.000 Oh, he's already said that he would, you know, he's now in private life living in Idaho.

01:40:21.000 But anyways, so he reached out to me.

01:40:23.000 Why do they all go to Idaho?

01:40:24.000 Why?

01:40:24.000 A lot of them go to Idaho.

01:40:26.000 I think they know something.

01:40:27.000 Maybe so.

01:40:28.000 A lot of them.

01:40:29.000 All those ex-CIA folks, they go up there too.

01:40:32.000 Anyways, Matt is a great guy.

01:40:34.000 He's articulate.

01:40:35.000 He's well-educated.

01:40:36.000 He'd be a great interview.

01:40:38.000 Okay.

01:40:38.000 He would be a great interview.

01:40:40.000 So anyways, You asked me the question.

01:40:43.000 He reached out to me like two years ago when he was still heading up Space Force and came and actually visited me in Atlanta.

01:40:53.000 I was building the restaurant, the t-shirt, the Wheelhouse Craft Pub and Kitchen.

01:40:58.000 We weren't finished yet.

01:40:59.000 He came there.

01:41:01.000 We went and had dinner together or something.

01:41:04.000 He wanted to know if I would be willing, if he organized all the base commanders, if I would be willing to come and address them and talk to them about planetary defense.

01:41:13.000 And I said, absolutely, I would.

01:41:15.000 I'd jump at the chance to do that.

01:41:16.000 So he was in the process of organizing it when the COVID pandemic started.

01:41:22.000 And that just derailed the whole thing.

01:41:24.000 And then he was in the process of reorganizing it when they gave him the boot.

01:41:30.000 And so they gave him the boot specifically about his criticism of wokeism?

01:41:35.000 Yes.

01:41:36.000 Yes.

01:41:37.000 But it seems like he's got a good point.

01:41:41.000 Very much so.

01:41:42.000 Imagine you find a guy who's got a good point and instead of going, hey man, thanks, you fire him.

01:41:49.000 Right.

01:41:49.000 You fire him.

01:41:50.000 Not good.

01:41:51.000 Not good.

01:41:52.000 No.

01:41:53.000 And he'd tell you the whole story.

01:41:55.000 Well, the wokeism has accelerated at a very high rate. 0.58

01:41:58.000 I can't imagine...

01:42:00.000 Being someone in the military that has to make pragmatic decisions and decisions, life or death decisions, that are often very uncomfortable.

01:42:09.000 And you need some hard-nosed, realistic individuals implementing these.

01:42:16.000 You can't do that under the guise of wokenism.

01:42:21.000 That's right.

01:42:22.000 And Matt was highly, highly qualified.

01:42:27.000 I mean, top of his game.

01:42:29.000 I mean, his resume was very impressive.

01:42:32.000 And for the woke military, you know, this to just, sorry, you're not allowed to say that.

01:42:42.000 And so, yeah, he got the boot. 0.97

01:42:45.000 It's a fucking strange time, Randall. 0.92

01:42:47.000 So that was the only person that's ever contacted you about doing something about this, about putting something in play. 0.97

01:42:54.000 Yes, but that would, see, what he told me was that a lot of the younger base commanders were really interested in this idea of planetary defense.

01:43:04.000 And he said this was not our primary mission.

01:43:07.000 However, I think, and he believed that it was critically important.

01:43:10.000 In fact, His connection may have been you and me.

01:43:17.000 I think it was.

01:43:18.000 I think he first heard you and me talking about this subject at some point.

01:43:26.000 I wouldn't have known which one.

01:43:27.000 I mean, this is number six that you and I have been together on this.

01:43:31.000 But yeah, I think that's where he first...

01:43:35.000 You know, heard me, you and I talking about it.

01:43:38.000 That makes sense.

01:43:39.000 Yeah.

01:43:39.000 Well, hopefully someone is going to reach out again and someone will pick up.

01:43:45.000 If you're interested, I can set this up.

01:43:47.000 I could call him.

01:43:48.000 Yeah, I would love to talk to him.

01:43:49.000 He'd be a great guest.

01:43:51.000 Sounds like he would be.

01:43:52.000 He would be.

01:43:52.000 Very interested.

01:43:53.000 So what were we getting to before that?

01:43:55.000 We were talking about ways that we could possibly divert and whether or not it's feasible and there's essentially no plan right now.

01:44:05.000 Correct.

01:44:06.000 That's not...

01:44:07.000 that doesn't come from me.

01:44:10.000 It's not comforting.

01:44:11.000 No, it's not.

01:44:12.000 It is just sitting there waiting.

01:44:13.000 I mean, we make all these grand plans for the future of our cities and we're worried about political problems and which party is going to control the House.

01:44:24.000 I got to say, though, I suspect I would not be a bit surprised if Matt got reinstated once the political climate changes.

01:44:33.000 The other thing is, you know, The US government has dropped the ball for the most part, and what we see now is the private space program stepping into the void.

01:44:44.000 So I'm very much a proponent and an advocate of that.

01:44:49.000 I believe that it's our destiny to move into space, and I think that if we don't, We're going to go the way of the dinosaurs eventually, and maybe our species won't get extinct.

01:45:01.000 But the point is, and I think you're seeing this, and the point of what we're talking about is that our civilization is actually way more vulnerable than we've assumed.

01:45:12.000 Well, I think this pandemic alerted people to that, because something that had a very high survival rate Still completely disrupted the world economy, completely disrupted us in most ways.

01:45:26.000 Yeah, so imagine a Tunguska-type event times a hundred.

01:45:31.000 Right. 0.98

01:45:32.000 We're really screwed. 0.99

01:45:34.000 Yeah, we're really screwed. 0.98

01:45:35.000 And this is not some science fiction scenario at all. 0.93

01:45:40.000 No, not by any stretch of the imagination.

01:45:42.000 This is science fact.

01:45:44.000 Science fact.

01:45:46.000 Yeah.

01:45:46.000 I'm looking here.

01:45:47.000 I'm not getting online.

01:45:49.000 Let's see.

01:45:50.000 You have to type in the...

01:45:51.000 We didn't do that yet.

01:45:53.000 What's that?

01:45:54.000 You have to get on the Wi-Fi and stuff.

01:45:55.000 We didn't give you the password, so you couldn't be online.

01:45:57.000 Can we do that?

01:45:58.000 Yeah, Jamie...

01:46:00.000 I don't remember what it...

01:46:02.000 Okay, here.

01:46:02.000 Jamie will set it up for you.

01:46:03.000 Oh, super.

01:46:04.000 We'll pause here, folks, when we're back.

01:46:07.000 All right.

01:46:08.000 Let me get up Google Maps here.

01:46:13.000 Does that thing – why does it have such a big base to it?

01:46:16.000 Is that all battery?

01:46:18.000 I guess.

01:46:19.000 Yeah.

01:46:21.000 I'm not that much of a techie.

01:46:23.000 I just – I let people set these things up for me and I just – Well, you have so much information in your head.

01:46:29.000 I don't know how you would have time to be a techie.

01:46:31.000 You're given 18-hour lectures on Atlantis.

01:46:34.000 Well, not all!

01:46:36.000 I know, not all at once.

01:46:38.000 Where's the time for anything else?

01:46:41.000 There's no time to wonder about equipment in terms of computers and stuff.

01:46:45.000 Oh, yeah.

01:46:47.000 Here we go.

01:46:48.000 Let's see.

01:46:49.000 Layers, terrain.

01:46:50.000 That's what I want right there.

01:46:56.000 So, we were talking earlier about, you know, meltwater pulses and catastrophic melting and so on.

01:47:02.000 Yeah.

01:47:03.000 We did talk...

01:47:05.000 Previously about some of this research that I've been doing out in the Pacific Northwest.

01:47:11.000 We're zooming in on here, eastern Washington.

01:47:14.000 And what you see here is what is called the channeled scab land.

01:47:19.000 Now, you can see there's these darker areas and then there's the lighter areas.

01:47:23.000 Okay, this whole area, this whole thing that I'm circling here is the Columbia Basalt Plateau.

01:47:29.000 Basalt is a lava rock that extrudes from the earth and it solidifies.

01:47:35.000 In this case, the lava rock is dark.

01:47:38.000 It's covered by 1 to 200 feet of soil called LUS. It's a type of unique, very fertile soil that is accumulated on top of the basalt rock.

01:47:50.000 Okay, so at the end of the last ice age, there were a series of meltwater pulses that discharged off the ice sheet and it washed away the topsoil and exposed this dark basalt underneath.

01:48:03.000 Right?

01:48:04.000 So you got, this is called a scabland tract, and I'll show you some photographs of it.

01:48:09.000 You got one big scabland tract here, another one here.

01:48:14.000 You've got this, what's called Grand Coulee over here, which is a huge canyon-like feature that was cut by meltwater.

01:48:22.000 You've got another, what's called Moses Coulee.

01:48:25.000 Let's zoom in here.

01:48:27.000 You see this kind of arcuate form here?

01:48:31.000 Kind of looks like a half circle?

01:48:33.000 Okay, that's terminal moraine.

01:48:36.000 Now terminal moraine, if you picture this, Joe, you've got a glacier tongue coming down, and as it's coming down, oversimplified, but it gives the idea, it's bulldozing up material.

01:48:47.000 It's pulverizing the ground underneath, It's pulling up and then, so this moraine here is basically exactly defines the end or the edge of this glacier lobe that reached all the way back up into here over the Canadian Rockies.

01:49:09.000 Well, sometime between 12, say, and 14,000 years ago, there was a series of massive meltwater pulses that discharged off the ice sheet.

01:49:20.000 And this thing here, for example, is called Moses Coulee.

01:49:24.000 And Moses Coulee is basically a giant scar in the earth that was cut within a matter of probably A week or two.

01:49:34.000 It's 800 to 1,000 feet deep and up to a mile to two miles wide, right?

01:49:40.000 So I've been exploring this- That was a week?

01:49:43.000 Yeah, about a week.

01:49:44.000 What makes you say that?

01:49:46.000 Well, a lot of things.

01:49:48.000 It's mostly the studies because we know the peak discharges.

01:49:52.000 And we're talking here, both Moses Cooley right here and Grand Cooley up here had peak discharges of about 300 to 400 million cubic feet per second.

01:50:02.000 Now, how much is that?

01:50:04.000 Well, you can't even begin to wrap your head around what 300 million cubic feet per second means.

01:50:09.000 But if you were to take every single river on Earth, every river, you know, Mississippi, the Columbia, the Mackenzie, the Yukon, the Orinaco, the Amazon, the Congo, the Nile,

01:50:25.000 the Po, the Yellow River of China, all the rivers of Earth, add them all together, You'd still have to multiply that by at least 10 to 20 to get a peak discharge of 300 to 400 million cubic feet per second.

01:50:43.000 All the rivers of the world.

01:50:45.000 All the rivers of the world.

01:50:47.000 Times 10. Times at least 10. At least 10. And I'm going to show you here now.

01:50:55.000 We're going to pull up.

01:50:57.000 Now, of course, this is just one area.

01:50:59.000 Now, the reason I'm drawn to this particular area, and by the way, I'll mention this.

01:51:05.000 In April, I'll be out here with Graham Hancock.

01:51:08.000 Graham is doing a Netflix series.

01:51:12.000 Now, when he was writing his book, Magicians of the Gods, I took them.

01:51:18.000 We guided for two weeks.

01:51:20.000 We started at Portland and ended in Minneapolis.

01:51:23.000 And what we did was we followed the margin of the great ice sheets.

01:51:27.000 So I basically was showing them all of this evidence for these catastrophic meltwater discharges.

01:51:33.000 If you get the book, Magicians of the Gods, I think two or three chapters he talks about our journey together.

01:51:39.000 So the Netflix episode we're going to do is we're going to be going, we're going to go to Grand Coulee.

01:51:46.000 We're going to go Right here to this feature, and this is a giant extinct cataract feature, like a gigantic version of Niagara Falls, but many, many times larger.

01:52:02.000 And there's no flowing water here now because it was a temporary giant discharge of meltwater when that meltwater finally passed over the landscape, drained off into the Pacific Ocean.

01:52:15.000 It left these giant fossil features here.

01:52:17.000 And you can see, I mean, here's a highway right here, right?

01:52:22.000 This building here, the Dry Falls Visitor Center, is this building right here.

01:52:27.000 And there's a picture of Graham and I. We're standing...

01:52:32.000 Let's see if we can see it.

01:52:34.000 Ah!

01:52:36.000 Here we go.

01:52:39.000 Isn't modern technology amazing?

01:52:41.000 You just keep zooming and zooming on this map.

01:52:44.000 I know.

01:52:44.000 From space, and you're just doing it on a laptop.

01:52:47.000 I know!

01:52:48.000 It's fantastic.

01:52:50.000 Well, you can't see, but we're standing right down here overlooking this feature.

01:52:54.000 Okay.

01:52:55.000 And so this feature is widely recognized as a dry waterfall?

01:53:00.000 This is not like a controversial thing?

01:53:03.000 No.

01:53:03.000 And what is the conventional reason for that existing?

01:53:08.000 Is there some sort of an explanation?

01:53:10.000 The conventional reason is that Over here in western Montana there was a giant lake and that lake was held in by an ice dam right in the area of Lake Pend Oreille and the water backed up 2,100 feet deep behind the ice dam.

01:53:26.000 The ice dam gave way and all this water spilled out and then spilled across the basalt plateau.

01:53:33.000 That's the conventional explanation.

01:53:35.000 I have strong issues about that explanation for multiple reasons.

01:53:41.000 The main reason being is that ice is very unstable.

01:53:45.000 And if we look at modern ice dam lakes that we've seen in the last, say, 100 years, their peak discharges and their peak volumes are typically like only one-thousandth or less.

01:53:59.000 Even the big ones are only about one-thousandth the volume of this.

01:54:04.000 I believe, and others I think are starting to believe, that we're actually looking at some kind of an accelerated melting.

01:54:13.000 Because for one thing, the conventional explanations for this giant lake do not ever explain how that lake got there.

01:54:21.000 Let me just go back to here and I'll show you, let's see, Cataclysmus 1, this should give it to us right here.

01:54:31.000 And you'll see the configuration of...

01:54:37.000 Missoula.

01:54:39.000 So this is Montana?

01:54:40.000 Yeah.

01:54:43.000 So here we go.

01:54:45.000 This would have been showing graphically kind of the configuration of the ice at the late glacial maximum.

01:54:53.000 So this is what time period?

01:54:56.000 How many years ago?

01:54:57.000 This would have been about 16,000 to 20,000 years ago.

01:55:02.000 Here you go.

01:55:03.000 Here you can see the two ice sheets, the Cordier and the Laurentide.

01:55:06.000 And this is the area where the ice-free corridor would have been that we were talking about.

01:55:12.000 This box right here shows the area of the Missoula floods, they're called.

01:55:19.000 Let's just go find us.

01:55:24.000 There we go.

01:55:25.000 So here, this would have been Lake Missoula, and this would have been all of the area that we were just looking at where it's eroded.

01:55:31.000 All that water would have come down, flowed through the Columbia Gorge here.

01:55:36.000 This Portland is right here, would have turned north and right here at Astoria would have drained into the Pacific Ocean.

01:55:43.000 There was so much water coming down here that it backed all the way up through Willamette Valley and formed a temporary body of water 400 feet deep, where Portland now is, which would have completely submerged Portland, right?

01:55:56.000 So this is basically the configuration.

01:55:59.000 Now, there you can see this would have been the ice dam.

01:56:08.000 Let's see here.

01:56:10.000 So I could go back to the maps.

01:56:12.000 That's the lake.

01:56:16.000 So this was very controversial because J. Harlan Bretz, who was the geologist who first theorized this, let's see.

01:56:26.000 Here he is right here.

01:56:29.000 He was considered a crackpot.

01:56:32.000 Because he was talking about giant floods back in the 1920s and 30s, but of course he was proven right and ended up being the recipient of the Penrose Medal in his 90s.

01:56:44.000 So he was the first one to speculate?

01:56:46.000 Yeah.

01:56:47.000 And what was his reasoning?

01:56:48.000 Where did he see the evidence for some sort of a flooding?

01:56:53.000 He was doing research along the Columbia River and he kept seeing evidence like these gigantic gravel bars and boulders and things that seemed out of place.

01:57:04.000 And he actually, in fact in 1910 is when he got interested in this and he saw, in fact I'll pull this up, I'll go back to Google Maps and There was a newly released map that came out that was this feature right here.

01:57:28.000 And in a minute I'll show you some drone footage of this feature.

01:57:34.000 This new topographic map came out, 1910, and he was regularly getting maps.

01:57:39.000 He loved to look at maps.

01:57:41.000 And he was looking at this feature and he said, what the hell is the explanation for this?

01:57:46.000 And this is what started him on this quest, this thing right here.

01:57:49.000 It's called Potholes Cataract.

01:57:52.000 And Potholes Cataract is a giant erosional feature in the basalt, the edge of the basalt plateau.

01:57:59.000 And the water came from the right.

01:58:02.000 And what you have here, we'll zoom in.

01:58:05.000 You see this kind of round hole right here?

01:58:08.000 Yes.

01:58:09.000 That is a result of what's called colking.

01:58:11.000 This is colking.

01:58:13.000 When the water gets so turbulent that it's doing this, like a tornado, and it literally can drill into the rock in a matter of days, it can drill.

01:58:24.000 And what you see here is the evidence of gigantic Turbulence.

01:58:30.000 And this is called a recessional cataract.

01:58:33.000 So as the water pours over this, picture you've got the rock.

01:58:38.000 Okay, so the water is pouring over it.

01:58:41.000 And as it does, as it pours over, it's eroding the wall of the cataract back.

01:58:46.000 So it's receding.

01:58:47.000 And then it's going to keep receding until there's no more water.

01:58:51.000 And at the time the spigots, the flood spigots are turned off, You're now left with this fossil feature.

01:58:57.000 Is there a geological formation, like, a style of, like, what you're calling it, Kolking?

01:59:05.000 Is that what you're saying?

01:59:06.000 K-O-L-K-I-N-G. Is there something that it does to the walls of that particular lake that make it evident that it was done that way? 0.99

01:59:15.000 Like, does it leave, like, almost like a water drill?

01:59:19.000 Like, you know, a drill would leave markings— The evidence is the holes drilled into rock.

01:59:23.000 Oh.

01:59:24.000 That's the evidence.

01:59:25.000 And yeah, I mean, we can see turbulence in modern water flows.

01:59:29.000 But the thing is, to do something like this, you have to have extremely deep, extremely fast-moving turbulent water and sustained for, maybe in this case, a few weeks.

01:59:39.000 So a few weeks made that lake?

01:59:41.000 Just by water spinning and digging into the stone?

01:59:43.000 Oh yeah, a few weeks made this whole feature right here.

01:59:46.000 And what you have is you have two alcoves.

01:59:48.000 Here's the North Alcove and the South Alcove, separated by what's called a rock blade.

01:59:54.000 And that rock blade, if that water had continued to pour over for another few days, that rock blade would have been gone.

02:00:02.000 Completely gone.

02:00:03.000 So it's just spinning at a furious pace, massive amounts of water, and it's drilling into the stone.

02:00:10.000 And how deep is it?

02:00:12.000 Well, we can kind of estimate, because the major discharge point of this water was right down here.

02:00:22.000 And look at this terrain.

02:00:24.000 That is a terrain that has been tortured by extreme shear forces of water.

02:00:31.000 Here it would have been about 400 feet deep.

02:00:34.000 The width of this is about 9 miles.

02:00:36.000 So you've got a picture of a river, 400 feet deep, 9 miles wide, and it's probably moving at 50 miles an hour, the water.

02:00:47.000 And so we can go over here.

02:00:49.000 This is a ridge separating this basin area here from the Columbia River.

02:00:55.000 Another spillover point was right here.

02:01:00.000 It also has two alcoves with a rock blade.

02:01:03.000 If we go back to Dry Falls Cataract, which is up here, you will see two alcoves, a rock blade, and you'll see that there's now a separation here.

02:01:18.000 Because what's happening is this rock blade is being washed away.

02:01:23.000 And again, had the water flow continued for another week or two, this rock blade would have been gone.

02:01:29.000 Now, is there a conventional explanation for these features?

02:01:32.000 Do they try to come up with some other alternative explanation?

02:01:35.000 No, it's gigantic floods.

02:01:38.000 Gigantic floods.

02:01:39.000 Yeah, that's pretty much accepted at this point.

02:01:43.000 What's controversial is what caused...

02:01:46.000 And the speed of it?

02:01:47.000 No, the speed of it's pretty much accepted.

02:01:50.000 Really?

02:01:50.000 Oh, yeah.

02:01:50.000 Even the speed of that caulking, like the cause of that, that's accepted?

02:01:54.000 Oh, yeah.

02:01:55.000 Wow.

02:01:57.000 And what explanation would they give for something that is causing that much water to pass through an area that quickly?

02:02:03.000 Well, the draining of this lake.

02:02:05.000 Right.

02:02:06.000 But that doesn't make any sense to you?

02:02:07.000 Doesn't make sense to me, no.

02:02:10.000 But this all coincides on the timeline of the Younger Dryas impact theory.

02:02:16.000 This is controversial, but yes.

02:02:18.000 I'm thinking that there was at least maybe three episodes of catastrophic flooding imprinted in this landscape.

02:02:26.000 The first one I would speculate was at 14,600.

02:02:30.000 Second one would have been Younger Dryas, and the third one would have been 11,600.

02:02:36.000 Now, I know that they've found evidence of human beings in North America that predate 11,000 years.

02:02:44.000 Is there an understanding of if this impact theory is correct and if it did greatly diminish the population of people that are living in North America?

02:02:55.000 Where did they concentrate?

02:02:57.000 Where did the survivors primarily come from?

02:02:59.000 Do we know that?

02:03:00.000 No?

02:03:01.000 No, because it appears there was a hiatus of about a half a millennium.

02:03:04.000 And then you have really a different cultural group showing up called the Folsom Culture.

02:03:09.000 And they came from somewhere else?

02:03:12.000 I don't know.

02:03:14.000 Somebody probably has ideas on it.

02:03:16.000 I don't know.

02:03:18.000 But, you know, I would like to be three people.

02:03:22.000 Then I might be able to research all of this.

02:03:25.000 Because I'm just thinking, like, where would be a safe place to survive?

02:03:29.000 Like, with the melting of these ice caps at such a rapid rate...

02:03:33.000 You would not have wanted to have been in North America.

02:03:36.000 You don't want to be in Wisconsin?

02:03:37.000 No.

02:03:37.000 You don't want to be in Wisconsin.

02:03:39.000 No.

02:03:39.000 So you don't want to be in North America, period.

02:03:42.000 Even in Mexico?

02:03:43.000 Even all the way down there?

02:03:44.000 Mexico was...

02:03:47.000 Let's see here.

02:03:48.000 Oh my god.

02:03:49.000 So we're going to...

02:03:49.000 I'm going to pull forward here.

02:03:51.000 Let's see if we can get...

02:03:53.000 I'm going to show you some...

02:03:56.000 Oh, here we go.

02:03:56.000 Potholes Cooley.

02:03:57.000 So here we go.

02:03:59.000 This is...

02:04:00.000 Drone footage of what we were just looking at.

02:04:03.000 There's the rock blade.

02:04:04.000 We're looking right at the rock blade.

02:04:05.000 Oh god, it looks like something that was destroyed by water.

02:04:08.000 Water is coming towards us.

02:04:10.000 It makes sense.

02:04:10.000 If you look at it from above, it's so much different.

02:04:14.000 Topologically, when you're looking at a map and it shows the features, it makes sense.

02:04:19.000 But this, when you saw that one rock feature that you just showed, you go, oh yeah, I could see that being from water.

02:04:27.000 I mean, just from what I know about erosion, it's not a lot, but it completely makes sense.

02:04:32.000 It just looks like it.

02:04:35.000 And so this was all carved by water and this is all carved very rapidly.

02:04:39.000 Very rapidly by floods that are really way, way beyond anything experienced in historical times.

02:04:50.000 And so the idea is that these impacts, is the idea that they slammed right into the ice cap?

02:04:57.000 That's what I think.

02:04:58.000 That's what I would theorize.

02:05:00.000 And because of the extreme heat and the extreme velocity?

02:05:07.000 You're looking at, you know, one impact could be the equivalent of a million atomic bombs. 0.99

02:05:12.000 Holy shit. 1.00

02:05:13.000 Oh yeah. 0.99

02:05:15.000 So look at this rock blade here.

02:05:17.000 And here you can see, look, there's that round lake we were looking at.

02:05:19.000 Yeah.

02:05:22.000 And I don't know if you can even see people in this.

02:05:24.000 I've got one where some of us are standing on the rock blade and we look like little specks.

02:05:30.000 When you're looking at it from this perspective, God, it does make sense.

02:05:34.000 It makes sense that this is water-caused and that this is by massive amounts of water.

02:05:41.000 Yeah.

02:05:42.000 But I just – my understanding of erosion is not enough to understand that this was done quickly.

02:05:50.000 Well, as I have said, you can look at photos.

02:05:52.000 You can look at stuff like this.

02:05:56.000 You don't really comprehend it though until you've been across those landscapes and experienced them firsthand knowing what the story is.

02:06:07.000 You come away – I mean it's like a – it's almost like an acid drip in a way.

02:06:11.000 It's so mind stretching when you begin to see this stuff firsthand that you really realize, oh my god, there have been forces unleashed on this planet that utterly dwarf anything that we humans have yet been able to do.

02:06:26.000 So is there any estimation at all about what size the comet was that impacted the ice caps or how many of them?

02:06:36.000 See, this is such a new idea and it's still at this point very controversial.

02:06:42.000 But I think, you know, some of the comet research group is looking at that.

02:06:47.000 And see, this is a whole area of research that has been looked at by paleohydrologists who have not been astronomers, right?

02:06:56.000 Now you've got astronomers who are looking at...

02:06:59.000 Let me pause this for just a second.

02:07:02.000 It's like we're in this area now where we're starting to see the overlap, this interdisciplinary overlap.

02:07:10.000 Because paleohydrologists have been looking for purely terrestrial explanations for this, right?

02:07:16.000 Now, before 2007, nobody was even thinking the possibility of a hypervelocity impact into the ice sheet.

02:07:28.000 Other than myself.

02:07:30.000 Wow.

02:07:30.000 You know, and of course, who am I? I'm nobody.

02:07:33.000 Right.

02:07:33.000 But that's pretty crazy.

02:07:34.000 Like, what if you didn't exist?

02:07:36.000 What if I didn't exist?

02:07:37.000 Yeah, that's one of the things that freaks me out about humanity is that there's occasionally these figures, and if they didn't exist, everything's different.

02:07:45.000 Well, you know, I've had this obsessive hobby for years.

02:07:50.000 Over 40 years.

02:07:51.000 Yeah, what are the odds?

02:07:53.000 I've read 10,000 scientific papers.

02:07:55.000 I've covered, you met Brad.

02:07:57.000 Brad and I alone have covered over 150,000 miles in the field.

02:08:01.000 That's what I'm saying.

02:08:01.000 What are the odds that someone like you is even real?

02:08:04.000 Like, if you were in a movie, I'd be like, what?

02:08:06.000 What is he doing?

02:08:09.000 You know what I'm saying?

02:08:10.000 I know you're real.

02:08:11.000 But I mean, I remember meeting you at the Punchline in Atlanta and you hitting me with all this information.

02:08:18.000 And I guess I had just started the podcast then, because your friend Brad was saying 2009, right?

02:08:24.000 Yeah.

02:08:25.000 That's when we met, because he was there as well.

02:08:27.000 That that was the first year of the podcast.

02:08:30.000 I mean it might not have even started or it might have just started.

02:08:34.000 So you, in that one conversation that we had at the comedy club, you sparked this interest in my mind.

02:08:39.000 But I remember talking to you thoroughly blown away and then leaving that club with a completely different thought process when it comes to like the history of life on North America and the world in general and this whole impact theory that you've been working on for so long.

02:08:57.000 So I successfully corrupted you at that point.

02:08:59.000 Instantaneously.

02:09:00.000 Yeah, good.

02:09:00.000 I mean, we probably talked for like an hour or so, right?

02:09:02.000 We did, yeah.

02:09:02.000 Yeah.

02:09:03.000 And I remember it was noisy in there, but we were like, yeah.

02:09:06.000 Locked in, man.

02:09:07.000 Locked in.

02:09:08.000 I wanted to hear about that.

02:09:09.000 Yeah.

02:09:09.000 And then how did I end up?

02:09:11.000 Well, it was Graham that suggested you should get me.

02:09:14.000 And you told Graham, yeah, I met that guy.

02:09:16.000 Yeah.

02:09:17.000 In Atlanta.

02:09:17.000 That's right.

02:09:18.000 Yeah.

02:09:18.000 So blame it all on Graham.

02:09:19.000 Because Graham was one of my first guests.

02:09:22.000 Graham was Duncan Trussell and I and Graham and that was early early on in the podcast because I had Read fingerprints of the gods I had read You know his whole idea of this restarting of civilization and this concept that we are a civilization with amnesia yeah, 0.71

02:09:42.000 and that something had happened and It's really cool To see him, because I remember back in the day, I'd bring that book up, and people would call me, you know, crazy, fringe, conspiracy-loving moron.

02:09:55.000 People who hadn't read the book. 0.66

02:09:57.000 Yes.

02:09:58.000 Most of the people that hadn't read the book.

02:09:59.000 But once Gobekli Tepe emerged, and then Dr. Robert Schock from Boston University, who started examining the water erosion of the Temple of the Sphinx, and All of these different pieces came into play where you have undeniable evidence of an advanced civilization that's making massive complex stone structures,

02:10:19.000 concentric circles, all these different structures like 11,000 plus years ago at a time where they thought people were just primarily hunters and gatherers.

02:10:27.000 And then watching them try to take this...

02:10:30.000 Hunter gather a theory and apply it to these incredible stone structures.

02:10:36.000 It didn't make any sense at all.

02:10:37.000 It didn't make any sense.

02:10:38.000 No.

02:10:39.000 It's really interesting also.

02:10:41.000 It gave me an understanding of science and scientists in an unflattering way.

02:10:49.000 Not that they're all like this, but There is a problem when someone proclaims a very specific thing.

02:10:59.000 They have a thing that they've been teaching, they have a thing that they learned, and they have a thing that they subscribe to in terms of a timeline, and then any new evidence does not get treated like evidence.

02:11:13.000 It gets treated like an intruder.

02:11:15.000 It gets treated like a threat.

02:11:18.000 And you watch them argue it with, like, I remember when Graham Hancock was there with Zawi Hawass and there was another man who was an Egyptologist and mocking this idea that there was an advanced civilization 9,000 years ago.

02:11:35.000 Well, now, of course, we know that's true.

02:11:37.000 Now there's no if, ands, or buts.

02:11:40.000 So then you have to re-look at the old style, old kingdom construction of Egypt and how different it was in the later years and the fact that it was all under sand and that they had to excavate this stuff and that you have two completely different styles of construction.

02:11:59.000 And the old stuff is really complex.

02:12:02.000 Not just really complex, but insanely difficult to do.

02:12:05.000 How are they having these The massive stones that are cut so beautifully and perfectly and they moved into place.

02:12:13.000 What are they doing?

02:12:14.000 How are they getting the stones for the King's Chamber from 500 miles and away?

02:12:19.000 Have you ever been to Egypt?

02:12:20.000 No, I have not.

02:12:22.000 When you go there, which you will, I'm sure.

02:12:24.000 I have to go.

02:12:25.000 Yeah, you have to go.

02:12:26.000 It's number one on the bucket list.

02:12:27.000 Number one on the bucket list.

02:12:29.000 Maybe I'll be joining you.

02:12:30.000 I would love that.

02:12:31.000 That would be awesome.

02:12:32.000 But down near the Aswan Dam, there's a place called, it's the Unfinished Obelisk that you can see where they're cutting it out of, right?

02:12:40.000 It's still in the bedrock.

02:12:41.000 And this thing is massive.

02:12:43.000 And you go, okay, how the hell were they going to move this thing?

02:12:46.000 I mean, it's massive.

02:12:48.000 Right.

02:12:49.000 How did they move those things?

02:12:51.000 Well, that one wasn't moved because it looked like they never finished cutting it loose from the bedrock.

02:12:56.000 But you see these massive stones.

02:12:59.000 I mean, you know, the Sphinx temple has massive stones.

02:13:04.000 Mencari's temple, massive stones.

02:13:06.000 And then you go all these other places like Graham has documented.

02:13:10.000 And this is kind of where Graham and I, where our work kind of complemented, and I think how he and I first connected was I'm not sure how he—I'm not sure about the first connection, but in any case, what he kind of focused on was the evidence for something in terms of civilization.

02:13:32.000 And he was theorizing that there was a catastrophe, right?

02:13:36.000 I was focusing, on the other hand, on the evidence for catastrophic events.

02:13:40.000 So his research and my research sort of complemented each other.

02:13:45.000 Perfectly.

02:13:46.000 Yeah.

02:13:47.000 The podcast that I did with you guys, the first one, was one of my favorite podcasts ever because it was such an ah-ha.

02:13:53.000 You know, like, ah-ha.

02:13:54.000 Oh, I see.

02:13:57.000 Yeah.

02:13:57.000 You know, with Graham's – and it also – it helped Graham's work so much because it gave a real, like, context to, like, why this would have taken place.

02:14:09.000 Right.

02:14:10.000 Yeah, and, you know, again, like you said, he was dismissed early on.

02:14:14.000 Yeah.

02:14:15.000 Mocked openly.

02:14:16.000 Mocked, yeah.

02:14:17.000 But it was not justified because mainstream academia has gotten locked into these models of history and they don't want to let go for many reasons.

02:14:29.000 And I think one of the reasons gets actually into politics.

02:14:33.000 It has to do with our conception of who we are, where we're at now.

02:14:38.000 We're supposedly in the midst of the sixth great mass extinction right now that we're causing and Like you said earlier, to recognize that there have been these gigantic catastrophes and mass extinction events in Earth's history is not in any way to say, well, we just should have a free hand in doing anything or whatever.

02:14:56.000 Not at all, although some people will interpret it that way, you know.

02:15:01.000 But the thing is that we now have to recognize the reality that these events have happened and we have not been the perpetrators of them.

02:15:11.000 We have not been the perpetrators of these Previous mass extinction events, we've been the victims, right?

02:15:18.000 Yeah.

02:15:18.000 And so right now, though, the whole thing, and it gets back to the global warming thing and all of that, is that, you know, and I don't really know if we want to get into that whole discussion because it's worthy of several hours in itself,

02:15:35.000 but, you know, it's control, you know.

02:15:40.000 And what we see now is with the whole COVID thing and Global warming.

02:15:45.000 We're seeing proponents of global warming saying that, oh, well, hey, if we lock people down into their homes, they're not going to be driving cars.

02:15:54.000 If they're not driving cars, they're not putting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

02:15:58.000 Hey, what a great thing.

02:16:00.000 I mean, when you look at the net zero scenarios, I mean, I don't even want to get into that right now.

02:16:08.000 But if you get into it and you begin to look at it, you realize, well, basically what they're going to do is they're going to Essentially render us impotent.

02:16:16.000 They're going to render modern civilization impotent.

02:16:18.000 We're going to be...

02:16:19.000 If they implement these sort of net zero policies.

02:16:22.000 Yes.

02:16:24.000 Would it be a climate scientist or someone who would theorize that the way to do it is to make sure that people don't go anywhere, that way they don't emit any carbon?

02:16:35.000 Yes.

02:16:36.000 Yeah.

02:16:36.000 So when you look at these global cooling events, Like ice ages, they seem far more terrifying than warming events.

02:16:47.000 And again, this is not to justify driving around cars that spew black smoke out and doing whatever we want to the earth.

02:16:56.000 But what we should really be scared of more is a cooling event than a warming event.

02:17:01.000 Absolutely.

02:17:02.000 Because again, history basically testifies to the truth of what you just said.

02:17:09.000 Warming periods?

02:17:10.000 Again, I've written and actually lectured on this quite extensively.

02:17:14.000 Warming periods are usually periods of prosperity because you have an extension of the growing season.

02:17:20.000 You have Periods like if you go back to the medieval warming period, which was roughly from 1000 A.D. to 1300 A.D. This was the period where – and when you get to Europe and you go particularly to France,

02:17:37.000 take a tour and spend a week going and seeing some of the magnificent cathedrals.

02:17:41.000 And realizing when you're looking at these unbelievably complex structures that would have taken – for the whole phenomena, you would have had to have hundreds of thousands of trained people working because you had stone cutters, you had stone carvers,

02:17:57.000 you had sculptors, you had glaziers, you had carpenters, you had astronomers, you had engineers.

02:18:01.000 They all had to be organized.

02:18:03.000 They all had to be fed and housed and clothed.

02:18:05.000 Well, you couldn't do that without – That surplus, we can now demonstrate, and this is something that's pretty much for the most part pushed off the radar screen, that the medieval warm period was a degree or two warmer than now.

02:18:21.000 And what you had was you had agricultural surpluses that made that period of prosperity possible.

02:18:29.000 It was preceded by what is called the Dark Ages Cold Period.

02:18:33.000 During this time, it was very difficult because you had agricultural failures.

02:18:39.000 You had cold spells that would cause the—they say that 536 to 540 A.D. was the coldest four or five years of the last 2,000 years.

02:18:51.000 And you had population decline, you had increase of infant mortality, you had decrease in lifespan.

02:19:01.000 When the warmth came back into the world, the sea ice retreated north.

02:19:05.000 Now the Vikings were able to sail across the northern seas.

02:19:10.000 Iceland became populated, became colonized.

02:19:14.000 Vikings came to Greenland and were able to farm on the west coast of Greenland where it's now permafrost, right?

02:19:21.000 In Europe, you had agricultural surpluses, so you had a huge increase in population between 1000 A.D. and about 1130. You had this ability to undertake this tremendous enterprise of this magnificent,

02:19:37.000 glorious enterprise of cathedral building.

02:19:40.000 The climate of the medieval warm period lasted until the late 1200s, early 1300s, and then it began to shift and became cold, and it was the first onset of what's called the Little Ice Age.

02:19:53.000 And between about 13, right in there, and about 1340, you had a succession of agricultural failures, which led to famine, right?

02:20:06.000 That famine led to people being malnourished, Which made their immune systems weak, and they now became susceptible to infectious diseases.

02:20:16.000 And it was around 1340 that the bubonic plague swept over Europe because it was a result of the cold.

02:20:24.000 And of course, right at that point, you see that between 1300 and 1340, that was the end of the cathedral building era.

02:20:30.000 You can find the same thing happened in the aftermath, like I said, 536 to 540 AD. So the bubonic plague was a result of cold?

02:20:38.000 It was a result of the fact that people were weak.

02:20:42.000 Was one of the factors.

02:20:45.000 Probably the main factor.

02:20:46.000 But there was also, like, these pathogen-ridden fleas that were on rats.

02:20:51.000 Oh, yeah, yeah.

02:20:52.000 Exactly.

02:20:52.000 But here's the thing.

02:20:53.000 All of these kind of things are going to be more devastating if you have a population that's susceptible.

02:21:00.000 And they're susceptible because they're malnourished because of the cold?

02:21:03.000 They're malnourished because they're not getting enough nourishment.

02:21:06.000 They're not getting enough to eat.

02:21:08.000 So they're already compromised.

02:21:09.000 They're already compromised.

02:21:10.000 So what's catastrophic during global warming periods is it's catastrophic for people that are living on the coasts.

02:21:19.000 On the coasts?

02:21:20.000 Because the ocean levels rise.

02:21:24.000 Yeah.

02:21:25.000 I mean, the ocean level has risen about – since the late 1800s, the ocean level has risen eight inches.

02:21:32.000 But like when people are talking about global warming, there's many things that they're concerned with.

02:21:36.000 But one of the things they're concerned with is cities like Miami that are like in porous ground that are right on the coast.

02:21:43.000 Like that's going to go underwater in 20 years.

02:21:46.000 If the ocean levels keep rising, if they do.

02:21:50.000 Yeah.

02:21:51.000 However, I – I'm a bit skeptical because I won't pull it up now, but I could pull up and show you probably 500 articles on the importance of the sun in warming and cooling that have been mostly ignored in the IPCC's models and projections of climate change.

02:22:13.000 And if we go into another solar minimum, like the Maunder minimum or the Spore minimum, Yeah, we're in for decades of cold weather.

02:22:25.000 And we're going to see ice growing again.

02:22:28.000 And what would cause those minimums?

02:22:30.000 Like, what causes those cold snaps?

02:22:32.000 Well, it's something internal to the sun.

02:22:35.000 It's the sun.

02:22:37.000 And the sun seems to have...

02:22:38.000 See, when these global warming models were first being developed in the late 80s and early 90s, we were just at the very beginning of deploying solar-observing satellites.

02:22:49.000 And at that point...

02:22:51.000 The model was the solar constant.

02:22:53.000 So if the sun's radiant output is not variable, we can just ignore it.

02:23:02.000 It's not a factor.

02:23:04.000 However, we now have like 30 years of in-hand evidence that the Sun is way more variable than was assumed 30 and 40 years ago.

02:23:14.000 That being the case, yeah, the Sun would now have a much more important role to play.

02:23:19.000 Because, you know, in the last 30 years, we've had massive amounts of new data from solar satellites that have been observing the Sun.

02:23:28.000 And so when the computer models were first being devised in the early 90s and stuff, the assumption was that the sun was not playing a role and so we don't need to look at the sun.

02:23:40.000 You eliminate all the natural variables until only carbon dioxide is left.

02:23:45.000 And that's pretty much where we're still at, because by the time you get into the 2000s and it was becoming apparent that the sun was actually a much more important factor in climate change and had been acknowledged, by that point, the whole scenario had already become entrenched.

02:24:02.000 And you now had huge amounts of money being poured in to that whole scenario.

02:24:07.000 I was reading about how vulnerable we are to solar flares.

02:24:11.000 Yeah.

02:24:11.000 That's a terrifying thing because our grid, our satellite systems, our internet.

02:24:17.000 All of that, yes.

02:24:18.000 We're so vulnerable to just a weird but very common glitch of the sun.

02:24:24.000 We are.

02:24:25.000 That has been documented in history.

02:24:28.000 Like there have been times in history where the sun had a flare and it blew out communication devices, right?

02:24:34.000 Yes.

02:24:37.000 Let's see here.

02:24:38.000 Wasn't there something like in the early 1800s?

02:24:40.000 Yeah, the Carrington event.

02:24:43.000 Let's see here.

02:24:45.000 Rodney Carrington?

02:24:47.000 No.

02:24:48.000 I don't remember his name.

02:24:51.000 We'll just go through this really quick here.

02:24:55.000 Let's see.

02:24:56.000 In 2003, a flare was measured at x28 but was likely even more powerful.

02:25:00.000 The sensors became overloaded under the explosive energy being measured.

02:25:04.000 It was quite literally off the charts.

02:25:06.000 Solar flares are mostly harmless and don't pose much threat to humans on the surface of the Earth.

02:25:11.000 What could cause some problems, however, are coronal mass ejections, which are sometimes conflated with solar flares in popular parlance.

02:25:20.000 We'll jump down here.

02:25:21.000 A big blast.

02:25:22.000 In September 1859, a solar storm known as the Carrington Event, named for astronomer Richard Carrington, who observed the corresponding solar flare the day before, struck Earth, causing widespread technological havoc.

02:25:40.000 Wow.

02:25:49.000 Wow.

02:26:02.000 Interestingly, some telegraph operators reported being able to send messages without the batteries attached using only the currents in the air. 0.99

02:26:10.000 Holy shit. 0.97

02:26:11.000 If a storm of that magnitude were to strike today, the impact to technology could be catastrophic. 0.99

02:26:17.000 Power lines could receive energy from the storm and spread it out.

02:26:21.000 Because our power grid is interconnected, a spike in one region could impact areas which might otherwise be less affected, according to a NASA-funded National Academy of Sciences report from NASA. In 2008, transformers would be damaged and the power outages would occur around the world.

02:26:36.000 Radio and satellite communications could be knocked out resulting in a massive blackout without the benefit of being able to talk to one another.

02:26:43.000 Now that would be pretty catastrophic.

02:26:46.000 But now we have this.

02:26:49.000 A signature of a cosmic ray increase in AD 7475 from tree rings in Japan.

02:26:56.000 This was likely the result of a giant solar storm and We don't need to go through all of this.

02:27:06.000 This is 774 to 775 AD? Yes.

02:27:10.000 So what we're interested in is the conclusion down here.

02:27:14.000 With our present knowledge, we cannot specify the cause of this event.

02:27:18.000 However, we can say that an extremely energetic event occurred around our space environment in AD 775. In the future, other high-resolution records, such as beryllium-10 and nitrate data, together with careful research of historical documentation around AD 75 and further surveys of undetected supernova remnants This was probably a solar event.

02:27:42.000 So, our Sun?

02:27:45.000 Yes.

02:27:46.000 Causes, so we get into another article here, causes of the AD 774-775 carbon-14 increase, talking about the Carrington event.

02:27:55.000 Such an event would cause great damage to modern technology, and in view of recent confirmation of super flares on solar-type stars, this issue merits attention.

02:28:09.000 A Carrington-level event would be disastrous for electromagnetic technology, causing widespread damage to satellites and transformers linking the power grid.

02:28:19.000 No assessment has been made of the technological effects of an event 20 times stronger.

02:28:26.000 Which the 774 event was.

02:28:28.000 20 times stronger.

02:28:29.000 Than the Carrington event.

02:28:30.000 And then there's also the possibility of hypernovas, right?

02:28:33.000 Like outside of our galaxy?

02:28:34.000 Yes.

02:28:35.000 I think this is going to be more likely, but yes.

02:28:38.000 So what we're realizing, again, this is my point, is we've learned a whole lot about the Sun.

02:28:43.000 And that the Sun is not necessarily the invariable star that it was assumed to be.

02:28:48.000 Now, we just talked about the effects of a Carrington-level event.

02:28:52.000 Now, he's asking the question, no assessment has been made of the technological effects of an event 20 times stronger.

02:28:59.000 You know, it's so funny because we talk about Plato and you talk about Plato's description of what Atlantis must have been like and also this idea that they were trying to make sense of the catastrophic forces of nature and comet impacts and all these different things.

02:29:17.000 And we look back on their limited understanding of the universe and the world and all the natural forces.

02:29:24.000 But we're kind of in a similar boat in comparison to the way people are going to look back at us.

02:29:29.000 We just don't think about it because we're wrapped up in this timeline.

02:29:32.000 We are.

02:29:32.000 And we do have all this amazing technology, like we talked about, your ability to zoom in with your laptop and show the topographic features of the landscape that indicates that it's been hit with all this water damage.

02:29:45.000 But there's so much we don't know.

02:29:49.000 So much we don't know.

02:29:51.000 And so much we're not prepared for.

02:29:54.000 And this is why I think it's so important that we actually look at our own past and realize that our ancestors weren't these primitive ignorant savages that we've assumed they were, and that their legacy that's been handed down to us may turn out to be extremely valuable in trying to understand the big picture.

02:30:10.000 It also makes sense when you think about Graham's research, Graham Hancock's work, when it makes sense that these people were very advanced in terms of their ability to grasp concepts and thoughts, but they weren't as technologically advanced because they were the remnants of a civilization that had to start over from scratch or close to it.

02:30:29.000 Yeah.

02:30:30.000 So really intelligent people that had to go without all of the knowledge and all of the creations of people from the past because most things had been wiped out.

02:30:39.000 Yeah.

02:30:40.000 And this is what I think of as the real great reset, that when these kind of events happen and civilization basically has to start over.

02:30:48.000 Trevor Burrus, Jr.: How many times do you think this has happened with human beings?

02:30:51.000 Well, I think if we look into Holocene, it's probably happened half a dozen to ten times.

02:30:55.000 If we look at, you know, the Bronze Age collapse, what's the cause there?

02:31:00.000 It may have been volcanic and Extraterrestrial.

02:31:06.000 Exogenic means from the outside, endogenic means from within.

02:31:10.000 And I think there's times the perfect storm is when you get the simultaneous effects of both.

02:31:18.000 There's some evidence now that would be suggesting that ET events, exogenic events, might actually be triggers for a terrestrial response.

02:31:28.000 If you have an impact, like we know, for example, That there was enormous amounts of volcanism associated with the whole deglaciation phase, right?

02:31:36.000 There was also very large earthquakes as the ice masses being transferred from the land back into the oceans.

02:31:46.000 You've got this tremendous mass transfer over the surface of the earth.

02:31:50.000 That leads to a significant terrestrial response, which could be volcanism and earthquakes.

02:31:57.000 It completely makes sense.

02:31:59.000 It completely makes sense, and there's empirical evidence to support that.

02:32:02.000 I mean, just imagine what you're talking about, any of those enormous asteroids that are flying by Earth, if they slammed right into Yellowstone.

02:32:11.000 In fact, David Ault who is a geologist theorized like at least 20 some years ago that about 17 million years ago the magma plume that's under Yellowstone may have been caused by an impact of an iron asteroid.

02:32:28.000 Punching through the crust and causing an upwelling.

02:32:31.000 It's called pressure relief melting.

02:32:33.000 That as long as you got this overlying cap, but if you remove it, like in the case of a hypervelocity impact, it allows the upwelling.

02:32:41.000 And in fact, the whole Columbia basalt plateau that we were just looking at, that is the outflow, the basalt outflow from the magma plume that's now under Yellowstone.

02:32:51.000 Yeah.

02:32:53.000 And there's correlations.

02:32:54.000 The Deccan traps in India correlate in age with the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact of 66 million years ago that caused the extermination of the dinosaurs.

02:33:05.000 The Siberian traps are associated with the Permian-Triassic event of 245 million, which may or may not have been caused by an impact.

02:33:14.000 I think it probably was.

02:33:16.000 But at that long ago, it's hard to find the evidence.

02:33:19.000 But that was the greatest mass extinction in Earth history.

02:33:23.000 Ninety to ninety-five percent of all species, terrestrial and marine, went extinct very quickly.

02:33:30.000 What year was this?

02:33:31.000 About 245 million years ago.

02:33:33.000 The Permian Triassic.

02:33:34.000 And it was actually the transition from two of the great eons in Earth history, from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic.

02:33:47.000 So the Mesozoic was the great period of middle life, which lasted from about 245 to 66 million.

02:33:54.000 And it was bookended by two of the great catastrophes in Earth history.

02:33:58.000 Now, if either one of those kind of things happened today...

02:34:01.000 That's a wrap.

02:34:02.000 That's a wrap.

02:34:03.000 No more people, unless we're living in space.

02:34:06.000 Well, I mean, we're the descendants of moles, right?

02:34:09.000 Something like that.

02:34:10.000 Lemures, something.

02:34:11.000 Some kind of shrew thing.

02:34:12.000 Yeah.

02:34:13.000 Yeah.

02:34:14.000 Yeah.

02:34:15.000 God, it's just like these conversations make you feel so vulnerable.

02:34:18.000 I mean, they're so fascinating and thrilling.

02:34:20.000 And I can see why you've been on this decades-long obsession with it.

02:34:26.000 But my God, it's so humbling.

02:34:28.000 It's humbling.

02:34:29.000 But you know what?

02:34:31.000 I have confidence in our species.

02:34:32.000 In fact, I think our species evolved out of the natural order of terrestrial life because we're the one species that can be sitting here having this conversation.

02:34:43.000 Dinosaurs couldn't.

02:34:44.000 Yeah, but we could easily get wiped out and start from scratch and then a new species has to pick up the slack, some lizard people, you know, 45 million years from now.

02:34:54.000 But you see, I guess my optimism comes from the fact that you and I are sitting here having this conversation.

02:35:00.000 Well, that's optimistic.

02:35:02.000 For us, we came about at a very interesting time.

02:35:06.000 What's that famous Chinese proverb, may you live in interesting times?

02:35:10.000 Yeah.

02:35:11.000 It could be a curse.

02:35:12.000 Might be a curse.

02:35:13.000 Yeah, but that is where we're at.

02:35:15.000 We live in interesting times.

02:35:18.000 It's also like the things that we took for granted that we thought were going to be here forever are now in full upheaval.

02:35:25.000 Yeah.

02:35:26.000 Well, I think this is one of those times, you know, where things are shaking out.

02:35:31.000 Very much so.

02:35:32.000 And I want to see us get back to being, you know, I'm of the mind, I like the adventurous entrepreneurial spirit.

02:35:41.000 I can't abide by this, oh, we're going to get all offended because we're using the wrong pronouns or we're going to get triggered or whatever.

02:35:48.000 Look, We've got some huge things in front of us that we're going to have to contend with if we're going to have any kind of sustainable existence on this planet for generations to come.

02:35:58.000 And I think it's going to probably take a wake-up call.

02:36:01.000 But it's also the pressure that you're getting from these nonproductive people that are trying to enforce like woke talk and things along those lines.

02:36:10.000 They've chosen to try to control the thinking and behavior of other people.

02:36:15.000 Rather than controlling their own personal creative output or their own personal success and their own personal progress.

02:36:26.000 It's like, it's what you concentrate on.

02:36:28.000 If you're concentrating constantly on trying to diminish other people's ability to express themselves and to try to control the way they express themselves, like, it's just a...

02:36:39.000 It's a poor management of resources and a lack of understanding about your own issues with discipline and self-reflection.

02:36:47.000 And we're in the middle of that now because it's easy to do because of social media.

02:36:51.000 Because you can express yourself so readily and easily through social media, it's very tempting for people.

02:36:57.000 Then they get wrapped up in these kind of social media exchanges with folks and it becomes an addictive part of your day and it leads you to be even less productive.

02:37:08.000 Yeah, I mean, just, you know, you've been around long enough.

02:37:11.000 I've been around long enough to see how things have changed, you know, since I was a kid growing up.

02:37:17.000 You know, my upbringing was rural Minnesota.

02:37:20.000 Winters are very harsh.

02:37:22.000 You worked your butt off.

02:37:23.000 Everybody worked and nobody thought...

02:37:25.000 That that was exceptional.

02:37:27.000 Everybody worked.

02:37:28.000 You have to in cold climates.

02:37:29.000 That's one thing about cold climates is people really value hard work and hard work ethic.

02:37:35.000 Absolutely.

02:37:36.000 And I marveled at my dad and my grandfather and thought, God, am I ever going to be able to work as hard as those guys did?

02:37:42.000 You know, my grandfather, on my dad's side, he came over at 16 years old from Sweden on a cattle boat.

02:37:50.000 Couldn't speak a word of English.

02:37:52.000 Came here, settled up in Minnesota and started working and worked in a sash and door company 10 hours a day building window frames.

02:38:01.000 He would then get off work and he would go and he built a house.

02:38:04.000 Now when you're in Minnesota all houses have basements.

02:38:07.000 So he would get off work after 10 hours and he would work till dark hand digging the basement.

02:38:12.000 He built this house Married my grandmother, moved her in, and then immediately began building another house right next door by himself.

02:38:20.000 Now, I don't know.

02:38:21.000 I've done a lot of hard construction work, so I know what's involved with that.

02:38:26.000 You know, it can be extremely hard.

02:38:29.000 You know, like my father, you know, he would go.

02:38:31.000 My father and my grandfather, when I'm a little kid, they're working together.

02:38:34.000 They'd be out there working.

02:38:36.000 It's 20 degrees out, 10 degrees out, so cold, and they're working outside.

02:38:41.000 Here's what they would do.

02:38:42.000 They would have a kettle.

02:38:43.000 Right?

02:38:44.000 They would build a fire, have a kettle, and they would put the nails in the kettle and heat up the nails so that then when they're handling the nails, the nails were hot and would keep their hands from freezing.

02:38:54.000 Now, you know, where are the men like that?

02:38:57.000 I mean, they're still around but I think that, you know, that kind of an attitude towards things seems to be diminishing.

02:39:05.000 Yeah.

02:39:06.000 You know?

02:39:06.000 Well, because it's easy to survive.

02:39:08.000 Yeah, it's gotten too easy.

02:39:10.000 Well, I don't know if it's gotten too easy, but it's gotten easy enough so that the path of least resistance becomes even more tempting to folks.

02:39:20.000 And by the path of least resistance, the problem is you create resistance all around you.

02:39:25.000 You know, and you create resistance for people that are trying to do their own thing and you want to like control the way people view the world and define the world and the language that they use and the way they behave and think.

02:39:36.000 Right.

02:39:37.000 And people are just – it's almost like you're looking to get offended.

02:39:41.000 Yeah.

02:39:42.000 Well, you remember – I mean it's literally in the Bible, the meek shell inherit the earth. 1.00

02:39:45.000 I mean that's literally what's happening.

02:39:49.000 You think that's going to happen?

02:39:50.000 I don't know.

02:39:51.000 What's going to happen to the bold?

02:39:53.000 Well, I think the bold will be challenged to try to find new ways around this situation.

02:39:58.000 And I think also the meek will one day recognize that they really wish to be bold. 0.96

02:40:03.000 And that's where our best hope is.

02:40:05.000 Our best hope is that we can educate people on the value of discipline and creativity and hard work and The satisfaction that comes with accomplishing goals and projects.

02:40:17.000 And also that social media communication is terrible for real-world communication.

02:40:25.000 It's terrible for the human organism.

02:40:28.000 It's not the way we're supposed to communicate with each other.

02:40:30.000 We're supposed to communicate with each other eye to eye, looking at each other, a shake of a hand, a hug.

02:40:35.000 We're supposed to be nice to each other.

02:40:37.000 That's very rewarding and it feels great.

02:40:39.000 Which brings me to something I'd like to bring up.

02:40:41.000 I've been really busy since we've last met, and I've partnered with a new internet platform called HowTube that is growing rapidly.

02:40:53.000 HowTube?

02:40:54.000 HowTube, yeah.

02:40:55.000 And it's basically very much First Amendment, unfettered speech.

02:41:01.000 It'll be curated.

02:41:02.000 Nazis, a bunch of Nazis, right?

02:41:04.000 Yeah, a bunch of Nazis, exactly. 0.99

02:41:06.000 A bunch of Nazi fascists, yeah. 0.97

02:41:08.000 Yeah, our plan is to take over and subjugate the entire planet. 0.74

02:41:12.000 But if you say that today, people are like, oh, First Amendment, oh, you're into free speech.

02:41:17.000 We are definitely into free speech. 0.99

02:41:19.000 Yeah, well, free speech is fucking dangerous.

02:41:21.000 Yeah, and the other thing that's coming together sort of as a counterpart to that is a group of... 0.96

02:41:27.000 Fellow people that I've worked with over the years, business, you know, I told you I built this restaurant.

02:41:31.000 Yes.

02:41:32.000 The restaurant's been wildly successful.

02:41:34.000 Some of the key people, the entrepreneurs and investors there, we've come together.

02:41:39.000 We're looking at land.

02:41:41.000 We're going to build a center, an institute, a school, whatever you want to call it.

02:41:47.000 We're raising the funds right now, and we're laying out the plans because of exactly what you just said.

02:41:55.000 I think that education is a massive – at this point, it's a massive failure in America.

02:42:01.000 I mean, it's gone down the toilet.

02:42:04.000 And it's gotten so politically correct that every year the standards get lower and lower.

02:42:11.000 I have worked in education.

02:42:13.000 That was one of the things I did just because I felt it was so important.

02:42:17.000 Back in the mid-'90s, I started organizing classes for kids that were being homeschooled.

02:42:25.000 And I ended up for 15 years organizing classes.

02:42:29.000 And over those 15 years, I developed ideas that were not really that original, and they were pretty obvious when you think about it.

02:42:39.000 But here's what I would do.

02:42:40.000 I was mostly mathematical-based and science.

02:42:43.000 So like one year, for example, I had three boys.

02:42:47.000 We were doing a Had a science class, and we decided we wanted to do something really cool, so we entered a science fair, a national science fair contest against, I think, over 3,000 teams.

02:43:00.000 There was something like 13,000 students in this science fair.

02:43:05.000 We came up with a concept.

02:43:06.000 One of the boys in the threesome there, who were part of my homeschool class that I had organized, came up.

02:43:13.000 He had a...

02:43:16.000 What was his – he had a physical problem.

02:43:23.000 He was – God, I don't remember what it was, but they had him on steroids that stunted his growth.

02:43:28.000 And on several occasions, he had strokes and he had to be taken to the hospital emergency.

02:43:34.000 And in class one day, he said, you know, the worst thing about – he was nine years old.

02:43:38.000 He said the worst thing about going to the hospital was the gurney ride.

02:43:44.000 I can't believe that.

02:43:45.000 So he says, I've been thinking.

02:43:46.000 He says, I've been reading about how they have these magnetically elevated trains in Japan.

02:43:52.000 And he says, could we apply that to a technology for gurneys, hospital gurneys?

02:43:58.000 He was nine when he thought this up?

02:43:59.000 He was nine years old.

02:44:00.000 And I said, let's see what we can do.

02:44:03.000 We built a model, me and three of him and two other boys, entered the science fair contest and we won second place nationally.

02:44:12.000 So I had students that I took from very beginning level geometry up through the lower levels of calculus who then went on to do excellent academic achievement,

02:44:28.000 have become Doctors, scientists, you know, I just in fact ran into one of them just a few days ago while I was in Atlanta.

02:44:37.000 Little boy had been in my class like 20 years ago.

02:44:41.000 And now he's launched, he's an entrepreneur of a tech company that he's just launched, right?

02:44:47.000 Anyways, out of this, I realized that, you know, the way, the thing that I came to believe was that Modern education has got so many things wrong with it.

02:45:01.000 One, the stratification of modern education.

02:45:05.000 Like, this is to me artificial.

02:45:07.000 You know, if you look at traditional societies, when a kid, particularly I can speak from the boy's point of view, when a boy got to adolescent, at that point you were thought of as a young man and you start, you were integrated now into adult society and you were expected to start behaving as an adult,

02:45:24.000 right?

02:45:25.000 Well, You know, we don't really do that anymore.

02:45:28.000 It's like what we see so much coming now, I think, out of even the college-age kids is this, like, extended infantilism.

02:45:37.000 You know, they come out and they're still, you know, look, you're supposed to go to college and be exposed to challenging ideas, exposed to different points of view.

02:45:46.000 Instead, they're coming out and they're like, we don't want whoever to come onto campus.

02:45:52.000 We don't want Jordan Peterson to come onto campus because he's going to expose us to ideas that we're scared of.

02:46:01.000 I think we need to, one of the first things we need to do is like move away from that.

02:46:05.000 So what I would do is I would get a class, like let's say we're going to have a class in geometry.

02:46:11.000 I would take kids out to the building site and I would show them here's how we're using geometry to lay out this building, this house.

02:46:19.000 And the exact things we just learned in the classroom, look at how we're applying those.

02:46:24.000 We'd get to a lesson on trigonometry.

02:46:27.000 I would take them out to the job site and I would say, look, here's how we're using trigonometry to design this complicated roof.

02:46:33.000 We would go back to the classroom and I would have the kids as a problem, as an exercise, figuring out What are the angles of the cuts?

02:46:42.000 What are the compound miters we need to cut from the lumber so it all can fit together like pieces of a puzzle?

02:46:49.000 And then we'd go back out to the job site and they would see how it's all going together, right?

02:46:54.000 I would take, in fact, And, you know, one of the other things that's happened is that, you know, at the early 20th century, 80% of the American population was agricultural and rural.

02:47:09.000 20% was urban.

02:47:10.000 Now those statistics have flipped exactly.

02:47:14.000 I've known kids that were in college that had never seen the Milky Way.

02:47:18.000 Never seen the Milky Way.

02:47:20.000 Couldn't find the North Star if their life depended on it.

02:47:25.000 But I think that that's part of the deficiency that needs to be corrected.

02:47:29.000 And so I'll just show you a couple of quick things here while we still have some time left.

02:47:34.000 Are you going to have an online aspect to this?

02:47:36.000 Absolutely.

02:47:37.000 That's the how-to.

02:47:38.000 So it's two dimensions.

02:47:40.000 There's the hard, you know, what we say, the hard The hardware and the software.

02:47:48.000 The software is going to be how-to.

02:47:50.000 And we're actually just now putting up and promoting the whole concept of this idea of this school.

02:47:56.000 So, like here was the first class I ever did.

02:48:04.000 1995, Randall's first hands-on geometry class for young people.

02:48:08.000 Yep.

02:48:09.000 Over 120 kids tutored in classes over the next 15 years.

02:48:12.000 It is critically important to develop alternatives to the authoritarian, hierarchical, monopolistic system of indoctrination that now usurps the function of authentic education.

02:48:22.000 This is how it started, see?

02:48:24.000 And then I would take...

02:48:27.000 Take kids out.

02:48:28.000 We would do geology and nature, science out in nature.

02:48:32.000 So this group of kids are just taken out.

02:48:34.000 We've been studying what happens to streams after storms.

02:48:39.000 So I did this.

02:48:41.000 I had probably a hundred kids that I took out on these kinds of field trips.

02:48:46.000 Like it says here, getting students out of the classroom into the real world of nature is vitally important to any system of education and promotes the psychological well-being of students.

02:48:55.000 So these were homeschooled kids?

02:48:57.000 These were all homeschooled kids, yes.

02:48:59.000 And here, our homeschool trio beats 324 teams.

02:49:05.000 This is little Mark, that little nine-year-old, and Very sadly, about two years later, he passed away from his condition.

02:49:13.000 Tore me up.

02:49:15.000 Tore me up.

02:49:15.000 And this is one thing, when I got into this, I did not expect that I was going to be bonding with these kids.

02:49:20.000 I've lost three of them.

02:49:23.000 One was killed in a car accident.

02:49:25.000 Another one...

02:49:27.000 Had problems, and he hung himself.

02:49:29.000 And so it was just, you know, that was something...

02:49:32.000 When I went into this, I did not expect that that was going to be an element, that I was going to get close to these kids and then grieve over their passing.

02:49:41.000 I really...

02:49:41.000 Little Mark there, Mark McGinnis.

02:49:43.000 He was 12 here.

02:49:45.000 He was 9 when he actually came up with the idea.

02:49:48.000 And then a couple of years later, we began to actually, hey, let's take that idea and You know, see if we can develop, enter a science fair contest and we did.

02:50:00.000 Like it says, we got second place nationally.

02:50:03.000 And then so scientists discover a major lasting benefit of growing up outside the city.

02:50:09.000 And I'll just jump to this.

02:50:11.000 You can actually see that for kids exposed to nature, it actually affects structural changes in their brain.

02:50:18.000 That kids that are growing up in a strictly urban environment now are being deprived of that.

02:50:23.000 And studies are now showing that kids that are exposed regularly to nature grow up with far less psychological problems, lower levels of divorce, suicide, drug addiction, etc., etc.

02:50:37.000 And so I think that this is the direction we have to move to start healing what has gone wrong with our society.

02:50:43.000 Do you think that maybe we've overlooked a component of development for human beings that it's not just a choice whether or not you're around nature, but it's actually a necessity?

02:50:56.000 Absolutely.

02:50:57.000 I totally think that.

02:50:58.000 That it's something like a vitamin or something like that?

02:51:00.000 Yes.

02:51:01.000 Yes.

02:51:01.000 And I consider myself extremely fortunate that I was able to grow up in a rural environment and be exposed to nature.

02:51:08.000 I mean, my boyhood growing up Was hiking, camping, swimming, canoeing, horseback riding.

02:51:17.000 When I got old enough to work, we worked on the neighbor's farm.

02:51:19.000 So I had that whole opportunity to see farm life and how all of that came together.

02:51:25.000 And I look back on that now and I go, God, I took that for granted back then.

02:51:28.000 But now when I look back, I go, boy, I was so fortunate to have that upbringing.

02:51:32.000 You know?

02:51:33.000 And I think, God, more kids, young people need to have that kind of an experience growing up.

02:51:39.000 So this whole thing that we're doing with this group of very incredible people that I've been working with for some now five to ten years, some of them longer than that, are coming together around these ideas.

02:51:54.000 And I don't know if you know Chris Martinson or Does Peak Prosperity.

02:52:03.000 He'd be a good—yeah, I mean some great people that are intimately involved in this and going to help raise money for the first prototype.

02:52:14.000 We're looking at land in eastern Tennessee as one place.

02:52:18.000 I'm also looking at land in Arizona.

02:52:21.000 I've got some people out there that I've been working with who are very much about trying to make something like this happen, to create a prototype.

02:52:31.000 So, look, here's a place.

02:52:34.000 And see, another thing that I believe is that, and I did this in my classes, I said, okay, you pay for your tuition for your kid As long as there's room, I encouraged parents to come in and participate because I really believe that this whole artificial stratification by age is detrimental.

02:52:54.000 And you need to like – this horizontal stratification to me again is debilitating and we need to have like a vertical integration.

02:53:03.000 So that I found this in my homeschool classes that I would sometimes have kids from the range from 10 to say 15 or 16. And I noticed there was a natural dynamic that emerged.

02:53:14.000 The older kids would naturally become mentors to the younger kids, you see?

02:53:20.000 And we'd have adults in there and pretty soon it was almost like this, you know, my generation when we came of age was the generation gap.

02:53:29.000 Have you ever heard that term?

02:53:30.000 Yeah.

02:53:31.000 Well, that was my generation, you know, coming of age, the baby boom generation.

02:53:34.000 We were the first to have that, right?

02:53:37.000 Well, what brought that about?

02:53:39.000 What brought that about was the The way that American education evolved because prior to World War II, most schools in America were the one-room schoolhouse.

02:53:53.000 Coming out of World War II is when you begin to have these large institutionalized consolidation of schools.

02:54:02.000 Like it really accelerated in the 50s.

02:54:06.000 My father was in a one-room schoolhouse until he got to high school, like in 1944, I think it was, 43. At that point, they had just built a brand-new high school that had like 800 kids, which was exceptional at that point.

02:54:19.000 But when you go back and you look at it, what you see is the schools got bigger and bigger and bigger.

02:54:24.000 And the bigger they got, the more impersonal they got.

02:54:27.000 Now, when I started homeschooling, I was working with some of the teachers in the Waldorf system.

02:54:32.000 Now, here's what they do.

02:54:34.000 The Waldorf kids come in at the kindergarten age and they'll have a teacher who stays with them all the way up until through middle school.

02:54:42.000 Now, you have a small class of 10 or 15 kids.

02:54:46.000 You have a single teacher.

02:54:47.000 Think about the dynamic in the relationship.

02:54:51.000 That teacher's going to know those kids. 0.82

02:54:53.000 I found that when I was teaching courses in math and I would have six, seven, eight kids, if one of them wasn't getting it, I knew instantly.

02:55:03.000 And I never left anybody behind because we didn't have to.

02:55:06.000 And I also found that, oh, if this child was not getting it, this student over here was more than eager to show, to jump in there and say, oh, and help them.

02:55:17.000 I found that that was also something very important.

02:55:20.000 And my memory, and you've probably had the same experience, my memory was, you know, when I was particularly middle school, bullyism was rampant.

02:55:29.000 You know, I got my first year in middle school, I got bullied mercilessly.

02:55:33.000 And then eighth grade, when I went to eighth grade, I finally—I had gone through adolescence, and I had also spent that summer between seventh and eighth grade working on the farm.

02:55:42.000 So what we did on the farm was hauling in hay bales.

02:55:46.000 Now, we'd have 80 acres of alfalfa.

02:55:49.000 It would get cut in hay bales back in those days.

02:55:53.000 And so you'd go out there, and you'd have to lift the hay bales up onto the wagon, and then the wagon— One of the other boys would drive the wagon.

02:56:02.000 Sometimes one of the girls on the farm girls would be driving the tractor. 1.00

02:56:05.000 Go back to the barn, unload that, and then you go back out.

02:56:09.000 You do this all day.

02:56:10.000 So by the end of the summer, I had gotten way stronger, right?

02:56:15.000 I had calluses on my hands from doing that.

02:56:17.000 So I went back to eighth grade and the same guy, remember, he started right in bullying me.

02:56:24.000 And about a month into school, we were in gym class together.

02:56:28.000 I come out and I've just got my underwear on.

02:56:32.000 He comes out and starts whipping me with a wet towel.

02:56:35.000 And I kind of lost it and didn't realize, you know, he was still – his dominance of me was at that point purely psychological. 1.00

02:56:44.000 But it shocked me how easily I whooped his ass. 0.99

02:56:48.000 But it was totally because I'd spent the summer primarily doing this hard physical work. 1.00

02:56:54.000 Yeah, the hardest.

02:56:55.000 Farmer strength is a real thing.

02:56:57.000 Yeah, absolutely it is.

02:57:00.000 But yeah, so you know, but bullyism was very endemic to that whole stratification because what I observed was the bullies were always the kids The boys, primarily, that have been held back, right?

02:57:15.000 So particularly in middle school, there's a big difference.

02:57:18.000 So you're bigger and older.

02:57:18.000 Yeah, you're a year older, two years older, you're bigger, but you've also got this insecurity about this feeling of inferiority, because now you're Been placed in your, you know, your peers are these younger kids.

02:57:33.000 It's just almost like an open invitation to become a bully.

02:57:37.000 It's also they're probably psychologically damaged, which is why they're not excelling in school in the first place.

02:57:41.000 Yes, but what I found...

02:57:42.000 They're probably getting bullied at home.

02:57:43.000 That's right.

02:57:44.000 But see, I particularly like with math, I found that everybody, for math particularly, you got to...

02:57:51.000 See, people, I don't know how many times I heard, like a parent would come to me and say, well, you know, Little Mark thinks he's no good at math.

02:57:59.000 He's been in public school and, you know, he's fallen way behind.

02:58:04.000 And I said, yeah, that's what happens.

02:58:06.000 That's what happened to me in eighth grade.

02:58:08.000 I fell way behind and I got behind a year, right?

02:58:12.000 Well, I got...

02:58:13.000 So I work with Mark, you know, and get him in a different environment.

02:58:18.000 And then he'd come to me and say, Mr. Carlson, I didn't know I liked math.

02:58:24.000 You know, I have letters from both kids and parents saying...

02:58:30.000 Yeah, I didn't even know I liked math.

02:58:32.000 Now I love math.

02:58:34.000 And the reason is because you go back to square one and you explain something and you take it step by step.

02:58:41.000 And what happens with math, particularly, you get left behind.

02:58:45.000 You know, you go to public school, they've got, here's what the teacher's got, this, here's what we've got to cover, this, this, this, and this. 0.99

02:58:51.000 If you fall behind, tough shit. 1.00

02:58:53.000 Yeah, you're never gonna catch up. 1.00

02:58:54.000 You're never gonna catch up.

02:58:55.000 What's the point?

02:58:56.000 What a waste of time.

02:58:58.000 My problem was, I was a little bit on the upper end of the scale, so I just got bored to tears.

02:59:07.000 And I would tune out because I got so bored.

02:59:10.000 You know?

02:59:10.000 Well, I think that's a giant problem with the large classes where there's no way they can concentrate on so many kids.

02:59:17.000 Right.

02:59:18.000 Their education falls by the wayside because of it.

02:59:20.000 That's exactly right.

02:59:21.000 Yeah.

02:59:21.000 And so this is part of what, you know, and if you're interested, I will keep you in the loop.

02:59:27.000 I would love to hear about this.

02:59:28.000 Yeah.

02:59:29.000 Yeah.

02:59:29.000 I would love to hear about this.

02:59:30.000 And I think one thing that's solely lacking is Sorely lacking in school is the concept that there's jobs that are available outside of what we think of as mainstream occupations.

02:59:49.000 Like, there's not...

02:59:52.000 I'm not encouraging kids to become social media influencers. 0.99

02:59:56.000 I'm not encouraging kids to become TikTokers or YouTubers, but you know how much money those fucking people make? 1.00

03:00:02.000 If you're encouraging people to become lawyers, at what point in time do you encourage them to play video games professionally? 0.97

03:00:08.000 Because there's a lot of fucking money in playing video games, and I'm not saying they should do that, but I'm saying there's a disdain for even becoming a stand-up comedian. 0.75

03:00:20.000 Like, I remember when I was thinking about being a comedian, no one encouraged me. 0.98

03:00:24.000 Like, maybe a couple of my friends.

03:00:25.000 But outside of that, like, my parents didn't encourage me.

03:00:27.000 No one thought it was a good idea.

03:00:29.000 They were like, what are the odds you're going to make it?

03:00:31.000 Like, this is the perspective.

03:00:33.000 Because there's no real structure in terms of someone showing you and teaching you.

03:00:37.000 And it's not a class you can take where you can graduate.

03:00:39.000 And then eventually you go on to, you know, apprentice as, you know, with a more successful comedian.

03:00:46.000 Mm-hmm.

03:00:46.000 There's so many different things that a person could do creatively with their life in terms of art, music, whatever you want to do.

03:00:54.000 There's a lot of different avenues for life that people are thriving in.

03:00:59.000 But schools never encourage these things.

03:01:01.000 And they look at these kids that are... 1.00

03:01:05.000 They're class clowns or the loud mouse or the ones that don't want to pay attention and they just assume that kid's fucked. 0.99

03:01:11.000 And that's what I assumed about my own self. 0.99

03:01:14.000 I would see that and I would go, well, obviously I'm not that intelligent and I'm not that curious.

03:01:18.000 But that wasn't what the case was.

03:01:20.000 It was just I wasn't interested in what they were selling.

03:01:23.000 The way they were teaching it was not interesting to me.

03:01:26.000 I didn't like the teachers particularly.

03:01:28.000 There's so many of them that were under motivated.

03:01:32.000 They didn't enjoy it.

03:01:34.000 Yeah.

03:01:34.000 They weren't particularly good at persuading you to be enthusiastic about these subjects as they were teaching.

03:01:40.000 Did you have any teachers, though, that were good?

03:01:44.000 Yeah.

03:01:44.000 Yeah, I had a few.

03:01:45.000 I had a Spanish teacher that was great.

03:01:47.000 It was a lot of fun.

03:01:48.000 He made Spanish interesting.

03:01:51.000 I had an English teacher that was really fun, and she gave you perspectives and thoughts on life itself that was just different than the way most—and everybody would talk about her.

03:02:00.000 Like, you got to get—I forget her name.

03:02:01.000 I think it was Mrs. Hanson.

03:02:03.000 But everybody wanted to get her class because she was interesting.

03:02:07.000 And she wasn't even that interesting.

03:02:09.000 But she was interesting enough.

03:02:11.000 And she was kind and she was friendly and she wasn't this authoritarian.

03:02:16.000 And she gave you this idea that class could be something other than this monotonous grind. 0.98

03:02:23.000 This fucking sand sandwich that everybody else was serving. 1.00

03:02:26.000 It was just so dry and boring. 1.00

03:02:28.000 Oh, yeah.

03:02:29.000 Well, I remember my eighth grade geometry class was so boring.

03:02:34.000 It was just, you know, the proofs and all of that.

03:02:38.000 And it was only years later that I found out how really interesting geometry could be, especially when I started building.

03:02:46.000 And I go, wow, this is interesting.

03:02:48.000 And then, of course, I just got into geometry just as a Area of interest itself.

03:02:53.000 And that's when I discovered things like sacred geometry and, you know, when we talk about the pyramids and things like that, you know, and how geometry was used through the ages.

03:03:03.000 It was just unbelievably fascinating.

03:03:06.000 And at some point, it'd be fun to have a discussion just about that.

03:03:11.000 Yeah, I would love to do that.

03:03:12.000 Maybe next time we'll just lay off the catastrophic events and only talk about geometry.

03:03:18.000 Yeah.

03:03:18.000 Well, we have to maybe tie it in a little bit.

03:03:20.000 A little bit.

03:03:21.000 A little bit.

03:03:21.000 Because actually there is some connections there.

03:03:24.000 So we've already done three hours.

03:03:26.000 You want to wrap this up?

03:03:28.000 We should probably wrap it up.

03:03:29.000 Okay.

03:03:30.000 I mean, I'm heading back to Atlanta Tuesday morning.

03:03:33.000 All right.

03:03:34.000 So Sunday we've got this reservation.

03:03:38.000 Rangers are going to guide us to Canyon Lake Gorge.

03:03:42.000 We've got some extra spaces.

03:03:43.000 I don't know if you've got any opening on Sunday if you wanted to jump in for...

03:03:47.000 How far away is that?

03:03:48.000 It's about halfway to San Antonio.

03:03:51.000 Maybe an hour south.

03:03:52.000 Let's talk afterwards.

03:03:53.000 I have a show Sunday night.

03:03:55.000 I don't know if I'm going to be able to do that.

03:03:56.000 Okay.

03:03:57.000 We could get you back, I think.

03:03:58.000 We'll see.

03:03:59.000 Let me see what I can do.

03:04:00.000 If not...

03:04:02.000 But to let people know if they want to get more into your research or read any of this stuff or watch any of those videos, particularly the videos that we were talking about earlier on Atlantis, where's the best place?

03:04:14.000 RandallCarlson.com.

03:04:15.000 RandallCarlson.com.

03:04:16.000 Thought I'd make it easy.

03:04:17.000 That's pretty easy.

03:04:18.000 Yeah, I just spent 500 bucks to buy my name, but...

03:04:20.000 Did you?

03:04:21.000 Yeah.

03:04:21.000 Who had it?

03:04:22.000 Another Randall Carlson?

03:04:23.000 Yeah, there was another Randall Carlson.

03:04:24.000 Yeah, I had to buy JoeRogan.com.

03:04:26.000 Oh, did you?

03:04:26.000 Yeah.

03:04:27.000 Yeah, I finally just had to go in off the guy to...

03:04:29.000 No, I didn't do that.

03:04:31.000 500 bucks is what it cost me.

03:04:33.000 It's a good deal.

03:04:33.000 It was a good deal, yeah.

03:04:35.000 Listen, man, I appreciate you very much.

03:04:37.000 I appreciate what you do.

03:04:38.000 It's always very fascinating and intriguing to talk to you, and I'm just glad you're out there.

03:04:45.000 I'm having a good life, you know.

03:04:47.000 It's going good.

03:04:48.000 We've had the ups and downs, as you well know.

03:04:51.000 Last time I saw you, actually, I was in the audience when you were in Atlanta.

03:04:56.000 How long ago was that?

03:04:58.000 Wasn't it like, what, three years ago?

03:04:59.000 Probably.

03:05:00.000 Something like that?

03:05:01.000 Something like that.

03:05:01.000 Was that the Tabernacle?

03:05:03.000 No, it wasn't.

03:05:05.000 Where else did you?

03:05:07.000 The only thing I remember was I was laughing my ass off.

03:05:10.000 Well, that's great.

03:05:11.000 Yeah.

03:05:12.000 I actually thought that, God, I don't remember what it was, but you had me going.

03:05:17.000 Good.

03:05:18.000 Beautiful.

03:05:19.000 That's the goal.

03:05:19.000 That's the goal, yeah.

03:05:21.000 Well, thank you very much, Randall.

03:05:23.000 And we'll do this again.

03:05:24.000 Oh, absolutely.

03:05:25.000 Because I got a lot more to show you, man.

03:05:27.000 It'll happen another time.

03:05:28.000 Yeah, good deal.

03:05:29.000 Thanks, brother.

03:05:29.000 You're welcome.

03:05:30.000 Bye, everybody.

The Joe Rogan Experience - February 05, 2022

Joe Rogan Experience #1772 - Randall Carlson

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Transcript