The Joe Rogan Experience - October 23, 2014


Joe Rogan Experience #565 - Trevor Valle

Topics
paleontology black teeth pygmy mammoths saber-toothed cat teeth anatomy horse evolution and artificial selection Tusk Hunting in Siberia frozen carcasses paleontology in Montana
Hosted by
Joe Rogan
Guests
Trevor Valle
Mentioned
Mary Lou Henner Best Buy Nanette Darwin Kirk Cameron Tusk Hunters Ray Comfort Archaeopteryx Jameson Trevor Jack Lester King Thomas H. Dukes Mary Lou Show Randall Carlson Tusk Hunting Jack Daniels Dwayne Gish Motu Kimura Bill Hicks Los Feliz and 29 more
Joe Rogan Experience #564 - Sturgill Simpson Joe Rogan Experience #567 - Cameron Hanes

Episode Stats


Length

1 hour and 20 minutes

Words per minute

167.49

Word count

13,497

Sentence count

1,722

Harmful content

Misogyny

28

sentences flagged

Toxicity

265

sentences flagged

Hate speech

25

sentences flagged


Summary

Summaries generated with gmurro/bart-large-finetuned-filtered-spotify-podcast-summ .

Trevor Valle is a paleontologist who helps protect fossils found on job sites. He tells us about some of the things he finds on a job site, from mammoth bones to whale bones to dinosaur bones, and how to keep them safe from being digged up by a 40-ton excavator. He also talks about the time he accidentally found a 5-million-year-old whale, and the guy who got mad at him for it. And how he keeps the fossils safe from the bulldozer digging in the first place, even though they're 5 million years old and weigh a ton more than a ton, because he's a guy who likes to talk about stuff that's cool and cool things, like dinosaurs and rocks and stuff like that. And he's good at it too, which is probably why he's here on this episode of The Joe Rogan Experience! Also, if you don't know who he is, then you're in for a real treat, because this episode is a must listen. Joe Rogans Experience, by day, is a podcast by night, all day, by night. Enjoy! -Joe Rogan and Friends Logo by Courtney DeKorte. Theme by Mavus White. Music by PSOVOD and tyops. by Nordgroove. Artwork by Jeff Kaale. Copyright 2019 by Dee McDonnell. Used w/ permission. All rights reserved. We do not own the rights to any music used in this episode. All credit given to any other works mentioned in the episode goes to original artists, unless otherwise stated or paid for by third parties. If you have a product credit, we are working with us, we do not claim permission to use their music, credit and credit in the music is given to a third party producer or other third party, we have no other credit in any other person s credit or credit given credit given out in the song used in the piece of music used by us. Thank you for any other credit given away, credit is in any way, other than that which is given out, other people s credit is credit given, other wise received, etc etc., etc. etc. This episode was produced and produced by a good work done, etc. Thank you to my good work, etc.. and thank you for all the support and support is appreciated. -A very special thanks goes out to:

Transcript

Transcripts from "The Joe Rogan Experience" are sourced from the Knowledge Fight Interactive Search Tool. Explore them interactively here.
Misogyny classifications generated with MilaNLProc/bert-base-uncased-ear-misogyny .
Toxicity classifications generated with s-nlp/roberta_toxicity_classifier .
Hate speech classifications generated with facebook/roberta-hate-speech-dynabench-r4-target .
Topics generated with Qwen2.5-3B-Instruct.
Hosts, guests, and mentioned names generated with spaCy (en_core_web_sm), reconciled against Wikidata.
00:00:06.000 The Joe Rogan experience.
00:00:08.000 Train by day, Joe Rogan podcast by night, all day.
00:00:14.000 Trevor Valle.
00:00:16.000 Welcome, buddy.
00:00:18.000 How's it going, man?
00:00:19.000 Good, man. 1.00
00:00:20.000 Sometimes when people sit down and you just start talking, you're like, shit, shit, stop talking. 1.00
00:00:25.000 We've got to record. 1.00
00:00:27.000 Trevor's a paleontologist, and explain to me the job site thing.
00:00:31.000 When someone's digging, they need a paleontologist on site in certain places?
00:00:37.000 Well, it all depends on really where you are.
00:00:41.000 So here in the state of California, we have a law called CEQA. It was started in 1970. And that mandates that any archaeological or paleontological stuff, so like dead bodies of early Californians or glassware all the way up to woolly mammoth bones,
00:01:00.000 or not woolly mammoth, but mammoth bones, saber-toothed cats, stuff like that, or even older...
00:01:04.000 Has to be mitigated.
00:01:06.000 They have to be protected.
00:01:08.000 So my job right now, I work for a company called SWCA, Environmental Consultants.
00:01:15.000 We go out and we make sure that the glassware and the fossils and the bones and all that, they get found by 40-ton excavation machines when they're building new hotels in downtown.
00:01:27.000 Wow.
00:01:28.000 So yeah, I'm standing next to things that could very easily kill you. 0.97
00:01:31.000 So when they do that, how do they keep from fucking something up? 0.99
00:01:34.000 When they're digging in, is it just dumb luck? 0.99
00:01:36.000 Oh no, they fuck stuff up. 0.99
00:01:38.000 That's how we find it.
00:01:39.000 Because we don't have x-ray vision.
00:01:41.000 I can't look into the ground and go, hey, there's a whale there.
00:01:45.000 So the bulldozer's going by, the excavator's scooping stuff up.
00:01:49.000 And you're just scrambling to check?
00:01:51.000 Yeah.
00:01:51.000 It digs this big hole, dumps it over.
00:01:55.000 I'm looking in the hole, and I'm looking over at the spoil pile where they're mounding everything up.
00:02:00.000 And trying to hop back and forth and all of a sudden you hear this sickening crunch.
00:02:04.000 And you're like, oh, you wave everybody off and there's like this bone sticking out and you sweep it away. 0.63
00:02:09.000 I'm like, oh crap, it's a mammoth. 0.95
00:02:11.000 Okay. 0.92
00:02:12.000 And then I shut the job site down.
00:02:15.000 Did they get mad at you?
00:02:16.000 Really?
00:02:16.000 Oh, yes.
00:02:17.000 What's like the biggest thing you found and how pissed were they?
00:02:17.000 Yeah.
00:02:22.000 I can't say exactly where, but somewhere here in Los Angeles, I was part of a team.
00:02:28.000 So the job site I was working on, they found a whale.
00:02:31.000 A whale?
00:02:32.000 A fossil whale, a five million year old whale.
00:02:35.000 Whoa.
00:02:36.000 Where there's no water right now. 0.99
00:02:38.000 Holy shit. 1.00
00:02:39.000 So think like downtown LA, whale. 1.00
00:02:41.000 Wow.
00:02:43.000 That's how long?
00:02:45.000 Five million years old?
00:02:46.000 Yeah, about five million years old. 1.00
00:02:47.000 Holy fuck. 0.99
00:02:48.000 We were finding shark's teeth and stuff like that hanging around, and the owner of the company was the owner of the construction company, I forgot what their name is, supervisor, the general contractor. 0.99
00:03:05.000 He's like, oh, you're just finding teeth.
00:03:07.000 I'm like, well, you know where you find really big shark teeth, you occasionally find their food, and they ate whales.
00:03:12.000 He's like, oh, you won't about three weeks later.
00:03:15.000 Yeah.
00:03:16.000 Yep, look.
00:03:17.000 Whale ribcage.
00:03:18.000 Wow, the whole ribcage.
00:03:20.000 Yeah.
00:03:21.000 So how big is that?
00:03:22.000 Five million year old whale.
00:03:23.000 The jacket's about three quarters the size of this table.
00:03:27.000 A jacket?
00:03:28.000 Yeah, sorry.
00:03:29.000 I'm like throwing out terms.
00:03:30.000 We wrap fossils in plaster to protect it because we're taking the dirt out with them so we can prep it later.
00:03:37.000 So I'm going to like take out hammers and chisels in about a month and try and work all of the bones out of this big block of dirt.
00:03:44.000 So we wrap plaster around it.
00:03:45.000 We call it plaster jacketing.
00:03:47.000 Oh.
00:03:48.000 So we put all that on there.
00:03:49.000 And so, yeah, it's about three-quarters the size of this table.
00:03:52.000 I mean, it's like 19, 20 ribs, like three or four verts, some other random bones.
00:03:57.000 We don't know what it is.
00:03:58.000 And what makes, like, some of it stay in the dirt and the rest of it deteriorate? 0.98
00:04:04.000 Dumb luck. 0.94
00:04:04.000 Like, what's the... 0.94
00:04:05.000 Just dumb luck. 0.99
00:04:06.000 Yeah, absolute dumb luck. 0.98
00:04:08.000 We get a lot of... 0.96
00:04:10.000 You know, paleontology, it's still a young science.
00:04:12.000 It started in the 1800s in England, pretty much.
00:04:15.000 Really?
00:04:15.000 Yeah, before that was natural philosophy.
00:04:18.000 Natural philosophy?
00:04:19.000 Natural philosophy.
00:04:20.000 Wow.
00:04:21.000 So, like, in the 1860s, when Darwin released Origin of the Species, his big book on evolution, he was saying, oh, you know, we don't have that many things in the fossil record because paleontology was still new.
00:04:34.000 Right.
00:04:34.000 Like three years later, they found Archaeopteryx, that big lizard bird, Archaeopteryx early bird.
00:04:40.000 They found that, and then everyone went nuts.
00:04:43.000 It's like, oh crap, look, evolution, fossils, this is awesome.
00:04:46.000 So it was this huge uptick in study, and now it's one of the, I mean, Ross on Friends was a paleontologist.
00:04:55.000 How many people do you know saw Jurassic Park or 10,000 BC and all that?
00:05:00.000 Yeah.
00:05:01.000 Paleontology, we're kind of getting into its own swing again.
00:05:05.000 It's kind of cool right now.
00:05:06.000 We're kind of cool right now.
00:05:07.000 We've got piercings.
00:05:08.000 We're covered in tattoos.
00:05:09.000 We're cool people.
00:05:10.000 You're a hipster.
00:05:11.000 You could easily be like a chef somewhere or a comic.
00:05:14.000 Well, I've seen that.
00:05:17.000 I have a lot of visible tattoos.
00:05:19.000 I'm wearing jeans today, but I've got them all over my legs, too.
00:05:22.000 And they're all either science or geeky.
00:05:24.000 Oh, cool.
00:05:25.000 And I've seen chefs with like spatulas.
00:05:28.000 Yeah.
00:05:28.000 And like carrots.
00:05:29.000 And mine are like fossil shark teeth and saber-toothed cats.
00:05:29.000 A knife.
00:05:32.000 Yeah.
00:05:33.000 A turtle?
00:05:33.000 What is that?
00:05:34.000 The type one?
00:05:35.000 Oh, it's a frog type thing?
00:05:36.000 It's a horn lizard.
00:05:37.000 Oh.
00:05:38.000 Yeah, it's my favorite horn lizard.
00:05:40.000 It's the regal horn lizard from the desert southwest.
00:05:42.000 I'm a nerd, man.
00:05:44.000 I'm a total...
00:05:45.000 The world needs nerds.
00:05:47.000 It's important.
00:05:48.000 I love nerds.
00:05:49.000 Legos, Transformers, lizards, you know...
00:05:52.000 That's where you lost me.
00:05:53.000 You lost me in Transformers.
00:05:54.000 I never got that. 1.00
00:05:55.000 Fucking goofy-ass robots are turning into cars. 1.00
00:05:59.000 Fuck off. 1.00
00:06:06.000 So when you find like a giant ribcage of a whale, how do you know when to stop looking? 1.00
00:06:11.000 How do you know like we found like five or six bones?
00:06:14.000 How do you know I think we got it all?
00:06:15.000 When the bones run out we stop and then we dig underneath but sometimes when we dig underneath to like pop what we think is everything out we find more and then we have to go down and then one jacket can turn into five.
00:06:27.000 So, do you have time constraints?
00:06:29.000 Like, when you press that red button, you shut it down, you could go on for years.
00:06:35.000 Yeah, if it's big enough, yeah.
00:06:36.000 Wow, do you ever worry about getting assassinated? 1.00
00:06:38.000 Like, I would think, like, these fucking assholes that build parking structures, you know? 1.00
00:06:43.000 They can be, seriously, man, they can be dicks. 1.00
00:06:46.000 Do they put you in a room with a cigar-smoking asshole? 1.00
00:06:49.000 No, they don't. 1.00
00:06:50.000 We close down the site, so they can't even get near us unless we let them.
00:06:54.000 Wow.
00:06:55.000 Yeah.
00:06:56.000 I mean, at that, we limit it to foot traffic only, and we're the first ones in and the last ones out during the day, because we need to make sure everyone else is gone so nothing happens to the...
00:07:08.000 Whatever it is we find.
00:07:09.000 What's like the most adamant that anybody's ever gotten with you about keeping a job site open?
00:07:16.000 The other week, I was working an archaeological site, and a guy yelled at me because I was trying to salvage an 1800 Sears catalog that was buried in sand.
00:07:26.000 And, yeah, he was getting kind of savage with me. 1.00
00:07:29.000 He was like, you're stopping my guys for a fucking piece of trash! 1.00
00:07:33.000 I'm like, I'm sorry, man, this is a dateable catalog. 0.99
00:07:37.000 That has hand-illustrated things in it, and it's necessary.
00:07:42.000 From the 1800s?
00:07:43.000 Yeah.
00:07:44.000 He couldn't see that that's kind of cool?
00:07:46.000 Nope.
00:07:46.000 I was getting in the way of his excavator.
00:07:48.000 It's like, wow.
00:07:49.000 So I closed that part of the site, five feet of the site, for three hours, and he gave me a lip.
00:07:56.000 You're holding up my guys! 0.99
00:07:58.000 It's trash! 1.00
00:07:59.000 Wow. 0.99
00:08:00.000 Dude, chill, man.
00:08:02.000 Trash from the 1800s is kind of cool, isn't it?
00:08:04.000 Yeah, it's like bottles and horseshoes.
00:08:06.000 People have their own agenda.
00:08:08.000 People have their own agenda.
00:08:10.000 Everybody has their own agenda.
00:08:12.000 I've always been fascinated by the idea of a fossil because when we started learning in school about the fossil record and started learning about fossils and now you look at something and it's actually not even the bone anymore.
00:08:24.000 It's like the minerals have replaced the bone.
00:08:26.000 Like I had a conversation with a friend of mine once about that.
00:08:29.000 He had a megalodon tooth on his desk.
00:08:33.000 Yeah, you've got one right there.
00:08:34.000 Yeah, I found some in LA too.
00:08:36.000 Yeah.
00:08:36.000 Oh really?
00:08:37.000 In L.A.? The whale site I was talking about?
00:08:39.000 We actually found meg teeth before that. 1.00
00:08:41.000 Whoa! 0.71
00:08:41.000 That's what I'm saying. 0.71
00:08:42.000 It's like, yeah, when you find big sharks like that, you can find their food.
00:08:45.000 Yeah.
00:08:46.000 Megalodon in downtown L.A. Is it Megalodon?
00:08:49.000 Is that how you say it, or is it Megalodon?
00:08:50.000 Megalodon, Megalodon, your emphasis is on a different syllable.
00:08:53.000 It doesn't, same thing.
00:08:54.000 Oh, okay.
00:08:55.000 Yeah.
00:08:55.000 It's like nuclear nuclear?
00:08:57.000 No, that's nuclear.
00:08:59.000 That's spelled nuclear.
00:09:01.000 Yeah.
00:09:02.000 Don't you remember how Bush used to say it?
00:09:03.000 Oh yeah.
00:09:05.000 Nuclear.
00:09:07.000 Nuclear.
00:09:07.000 Yeah.
00:09:08.000 Nuclear bombs.
00:09:09.000 It's like, was it California when Schwarzenegger used to say it?
00:09:14.000 California.
00:09:15.000 Yeah.
00:09:17.000 I'm a scientist, not a politician.
00:09:21.000 The bones, or the teeth rather, when you see them and they're all black, I was trying to tell him, I go, that's not really the tooth.
00:09:28.000 I go, that's sort of the minerals have kind of taken over where the tooth was.
00:09:31.000 You're absolutely right. 0.99
00:09:32.000 And he was like, no, it's a fucking tooth. 0.99
00:09:34.000 I'm like, dude, it used to be a tooth, but that's why it's black. 1.00
00:09:37.000 How many black teeth do you have? 1.00
00:09:39.000 He's like, it's just fucking old. 1.00
00:09:40.000 I don't think it works like that. 0.98
00:09:42.000 Mineralization, yeah.
00:09:43.000 So all the calcium gets replaced by heavier minerals in the bone, the tooth.
00:09:48.000 All that that's been, it's been replaced.
00:09:50.000 It's been petrified.
00:09:51.000 Just like petrified wood.
00:09:52.000 Still looks like wood.
00:09:54.000 Right, right, right.
00:09:55.000 But it weighs, you know, instead of weighing two pounds, it weighs 15. Right.
00:09:58.000 And it's a fucking rock. 0.99
00:09:59.000 It's cool looking. 0.99
00:10:00.000 Yeah. 0.99
00:10:01.000 Petrified wood is the weirdest shit ever. 0.98
00:10:03.000 But the, let me tell you, man, I used to be that kind of paleontologist and then I started working at the tar pits and then I went to Siberia with these woolly mammoths. 0.99
00:10:12.000 They're not petrified.
00:10:13.000 Yeah.
00:10:14.000 Yeah, this is what they were saying in the press thing I found so incredibly fascinating.
00:10:18.000 Yeah.
00:10:19.000 You're finding completely flash-frozen animals.
00:10:22.000 Yeah, there was skin, hair.
00:10:24.000 Like, I played with its lips.
00:10:25.000 Wow.
00:10:26.000 It had undigested food in its stomach.
00:10:28.000 You gotta be real clear when you say played with.
00:10:30.000 Yeah.
00:10:31.000 What are you doing?
00:10:33.000 Yeah.
00:10:35.000 Front, mouth.
00:10:36.000 Yes.
00:10:38.000 But it's like, yeah, it had the whole mouth structure was still there.
00:10:41.000 The lower lip, the root of the tongue.
00:10:43.000 The root?
00:10:44.000 Yeah.
00:10:45.000 Like where it connects?
00:10:46.000 Yeah, the base of the tongue where it connects in the back of the throat. 0.98
00:10:49.000 It was like still in this animal.
00:10:51.000 It was an animal.
00:10:52.000 It wasn't bones.
00:10:53.000 Yeah, it was...
00:10:54.000 Creepy, man.
00:10:55.000 Wow.
00:10:56.000 I'd never dealt with something like that before.
00:10:57.000 And how was it so well preserved?
00:11:00.000 Did it fall into a glacier or something?
00:11:01.000 We think the way that it was preserved, you'll see in the show, we only kind of have half of a mammoth.
00:11:12.000 Right.
00:11:27.000 Right.
00:11:38.000 I did a podcast with a guy named Randall Carlson.
00:11:41.000 The name sounds familiar.
00:11:41.000 Have you ever heard of him?
00:11:43.000 He's an expert in astroidal impacts. 1.00
00:11:47.000 Yeah, yeah.
00:11:50.000 He had one example of a woolly mammoth that died almost instantly.
00:11:56.000 And he believes that the impact of some sort of a large body killed this thing.
00:12:03.000 Not just killed it, but broke its back.
00:12:06.000 Like, upon impact, like, so just some massive impact, like, you know, X amount, thousands of years ago, they think like 12 plus thousand years ago.
00:12:15.000 Whoa.
00:12:15.000 Yeah, and he had, uh, he had actually, he had photos of it, right?
00:12:19.000 He had photos of the, the woolly mammoth in its broken position, and they had found it very similarly.
00:12:25.000 It was like very well preserved and, uh, sort of perma-frozen.
00:12:29.000 Wow.
00:12:29.000 Weird.
00:12:30.000 I would think something falling from space and then falling from the sky at terminal velocity, if it's like a big rock, would do more than just break something's back.
00:12:39.000 Well, it depends on, I guess, how close it is to the impact. 0.91
00:12:41.000 Obviously, it just fucking killed everything really close to it. 0.90
00:12:45.000 Oh, like it impacted nearby? 0.99
00:12:47.000 Yeah, and flattened forests.
00:12:48.000 For some reason, I'm thinking a meteor comes out of the sky and hits the mammoth exactly.
00:12:54.000 Yeah.
00:12:54.000 Well, you know that site in Siberia, the Tungusku site?
00:12:58.000 Oh, yeah.
00:12:59.000 That flattened all the trees and all that.
00:13:00.000 Flattened everything for like some insane amount of thousands of acres.
00:13:05.000 Yeah.
00:13:05.000 And that was a meteor impact.
00:13:06.000 Yeah.
00:13:06.000 In the early 1900s, right?
00:13:09.000 1908 or something like that.
00:13:10.000 Something along those lines.
00:13:10.000 Yeah.
00:13:11.000 Well, he believes that that one big one that we found is like a pittin.
00:13:17.000 We're good to go.
00:13:36.000 There's evidence of that.
00:13:38.000 He did put forth a pretty solid hypothesis, but we're starting to find out.
00:13:46.000 Everything didn't go extinct right at that moment, though.
00:13:49.000 No, he's saying there were about 60% of all land mammals died off in that era.
00:13:54.000 That's a huge chunk, but woolly mammoths kept going.
00:13:59.000 For how long?
00:14:00.000 They were around until about 4,000 years ago.
00:14:02.000 Whoa! 0.71
00:14:03.000 Yeah, woolly mammoths were living on Wrangel Island in northeastern Siberia when the pyramids were being built in Egypt. 1.00
00:14:09.000 Holy shit! 0.98
00:14:10.000 And then we had pygmy mammoths on the Channel Islands. 0.99
00:14:14.000 The Channel Islands outside of L.A.? Yeah.
00:14:17.000 Pygmy mammoths?
00:14:18.000 Yeah, if you cruise up to the Natural History Museum at Santa Barbara, they have pygmy mammoths.
00:14:22.000 They're related to another mammoth species we had in North America called the Colombian mammoth.
00:14:26.000 Wow.
00:14:27.000 Yeah.
00:14:28.000 That's amazing.
00:14:28.000 When were they there?
00:14:29.000 How recently?
00:14:30.000 I think they went extinct about, for some reason, like 6,000 to 8,000 years ago is sticking in my head.
00:14:39.000 Yeah, we had 11,500 years ago, we still had saber-toothed cats roaming L.A., Yeah.
00:14:47.000 That's so crazy.
00:14:47.000 Yeah.
00:14:49.000 It's crazy stuff, man. 1.00
00:14:49.000 Saber-toothed cat is a weird fucking animal. 1.00
00:14:52.000 Like, what made that animal grow these huge fangs like that? 1.00
00:14:56.000 That was just in order to sink into the necks of its victims, right?
00:15:00.000 I mean, that was entirely what it's for.
00:15:02.000 They were basically knives.
00:15:03.000 Yeah, quick and easy death.
00:15:05.000 And they say that, like, saber-toothed cats and even, you know, big cats that are alive today, their teeth can actually sense, like, where the jugular is.
00:15:15.000 Their teeth can, like, as they sink in, they can feel heartbeats through their teeth.
00:15:20.000 Well, you can, too.
00:15:21.000 You can? 0.92
00:15:22.000 Yeah, bite your wrist.
00:15:23.000 I'm not going to do that.
00:15:24.000 I know, but I'm just saying. 0.56
00:15:26.000 Have somebody bite your wrist.
00:15:28.000 Not me.
00:15:30.000 And you can actually, you can feel the pulsation.
00:15:33.000 In your mouth.
00:15:34.000 Yeah.
00:15:34.000 The sensitivity of your teeth.
00:15:35.000 Yeah.
00:15:35.000 I mean, you know how your teeth hurt when you're eating something cold or drinking something?
00:15:39.000 You've got nerve endings in it.
00:15:40.000 Right, right, right.
00:15:41.000 It makes sense.
00:15:42.000 Theirs may have a larger nerve ending that I'm not quite sure on cat tooth anatomy, but they may have just a larger nerve ending that allows them to feel easier.
00:15:53.000 So did you guys stumble upon any saber-toothed cats?
00:15:57.000 Not in Siberia, no.
00:15:58.000 When you were doing job sites in LA? I used to be the assistant lab supervisor at the La Brea Tar Pits.
00:16:05.000 I ran into cats all the time.
00:16:07.000 I even dropped a skull of one on the floor accidentally when I was cleaning it.
00:16:11.000 It shattered?
00:16:12.000 Yeah, I put it back together, kind of.
00:16:14.000 With glue?
00:16:15.000 Yeah.
00:16:16.000 How long did that take?
00:16:17.000 About six months. 1.00
00:16:18.000 Fuck! 1.00
00:16:19.000 One slip, six months of work. 1.00
00:16:22.000 Yeah.
00:16:23.000 Oh my god.
00:16:24.000 If you ever talk to a paleontologist and they say they've never broken, damaged, or otherwise impacted a bone, they're lying. 1.00
00:16:31.000 Those motherfuckers. 1.00
00:16:32.000 Yeah. 1.00
00:16:32.000 We've all done it. 1.00
00:16:33.000 It happens.
00:16:35.000 Yeah, I'd imagine.
00:16:36.000 You know, it happens, man. 1.00
00:16:38.000 You drop shit all the time. 1.00
00:16:38.000 Yeah. 1.00
00:16:39.000 I mean, I almost fell down an ice cliff in Siberia and my friend got stuck repelling down one.
00:16:46.000 Stuck?
00:16:47.000 Yeah.
00:16:48.000 You'll see, yeah.
00:16:49.000 For how long?
00:16:50.000 Um, he wasn't stuck that long, probably about 10 minutes, but, uh, um, so in the show you'll see, uh, Tim King, he's, uh, like my co-host, like co-adventurer buddy.
00:17:00.000 Um, we have to get down this ice cliff and, and it's a huge ice cliff.
00:17:06.000 It's not like, you know, Oh, we're kind of going down from like the top of, you know, the top of Pierce college down to the street. 0.99
00:17:12.000 No, this is Dude, fuck ice cliffs. 0.99
00:17:18.000 That's all I have to say. 0.99
00:17:19.000 And yeah, the bank started eroding away and his rope jammed and he's dangling there and freaking out and panicking.
00:17:26.000 And I'm like down at the bottom looking up going, why isn't he coming down?
00:17:30.000 I'm trying to get him on radio and no one's...
00:17:32.000 Yeah, he got stuck.
00:17:33.000 We both went into ice caves.
00:17:35.000 He got lost.
00:17:36.000 Oh, no.
00:17:37.000 His light went out, and he got turned around, and these caves were like minus 10 degrees.
00:17:42.000 He doesn't have a backup light?
00:17:44.000 No. 1.00
00:17:44.000 What kind of shit is that? 1.00
00:17:46.000 I don't know. 1.00
00:17:47.000 How do you not have a backup light?
00:17:48.000 I figure when you go into an ice cave, there's a few things you want to bring. 0.99
00:17:51.000 One of them is a fucking backup light. 0.99
00:17:53.000 Yeah, you'd think. 0.99
00:17:54.000 I mean, we were with a whole film crew, but for narrative's sake, it was our expedition.
00:18:04.000 He was getting me into Siberia, and I was going to do biopsies and discover mammoths and things like that.
00:18:11.000 So, like, going into an ice cave, you think, oh no, I've got this great flashlight, it's in a Ziploc bag, it's this big bank of LEDs, I've got a little glow thing, I've got a camera that can see in the dark, but no, light goes out and you kind of panic a little.
00:18:26.000 A little?
00:18:27.000 Yeah.
00:18:27.000 Yeah.
00:18:28.000 So, you guys are there.
00:18:30.000 You're uncovering.
00:18:31.000 How many of these mammoths are you uncovering that are in such great condition?
00:18:36.000 Well, we only got access to one, unfortunately.
00:18:39.000 But finding a mammoth carcass is actually pretty rare.
00:18:43.000 You can find like a chunk of a mammoth that may have some hair or tissue like just falling out of a wall or something like that.
00:18:49.000 More often than not, you find bones.
00:18:51.000 Finding an intact or even mostly intact carcass, a whole body, is a really rare event.
00:18:57.000 And we were lucky enough just to get access to one of the newest ones.
00:19:01.000 Because we kept striking out.
00:19:02.000 We're like, oh, we're going to go here and look for one.
00:19:04.000 It's like, nope, didn't find it.
00:19:05.000 Oh, well, there may be another one here.
00:19:07.000 These tusk hunters, these guys that cut into the mountain just to find woolly mammoth tusks and sell them.
00:19:15.000 Because elephant ivory is illegal.
00:19:17.000 Mammoth ivory is not.
00:19:20.000 Because the animal's already dead.
00:19:22.000 Oh, I see.
00:19:23.000 Mammoth ivory is beautiful, too.
00:19:25.000 It's got a weird sort of a tan quality to it.
00:19:28.000 Yeah, tan, kind of almost chocolatey in some places.
00:19:31.000 It's really pretty.
00:19:32.000 People use it for things, right?
00:19:33.000 For artwork and stuff.
00:19:35.000 Yep, artwork.
00:19:35.000 They carve it.
00:19:36.000 So a single tusk, say you have a 100-pound tusk that is perfect quality.
00:19:41.000 It's just like they pulled it out of an ice cliff.
00:19:44.000 That thing uncut will be $40,000, $50,000.
00:19:48.000 Whoa! 0.71
00:19:49.000 Yeah, there was an episode on Life Below Zero where they were looking for mammoth tusks.
00:19:54.000 They were looking for them in the side of a mountain or a hillside in Alaska.
00:19:59.000 Are they that common?
00:20:00.000 Yeah, they're pretty common.
00:20:02.000 Enough that there's an actual commodity and there's an entire economy based on it now.
00:20:08.000 But if you find the tusk, it doesn't necessarily mean you'll find the body because a lot of times the body is rotted away.
00:20:13.000 Right.
00:20:13.000 Or, unfortunately in our case, if they find the tusk, they don't care about the body.
00:20:18.000 All they want is the tusk.
00:20:19.000 When you think, being a paleontologist, and you think about the fossil record, how many holes are there in it from animals that just simply did not get fossilized?
00:20:29.000 Oh, we've got gaps all over it.
00:20:34.000 We've got 300, 400, 500 million year old bacterial fossils.
00:20:40.000 Then we have stuff that died last week.
00:20:41.000 I mean, we have on a long enough timeline, we have everything, but there are spaces because nothing, not everything fossilizes.
00:20:48.000 Like for every discovery, like that Hobbit man they found. 1.00
00:20:52.000 Florian says that's 10 years ago already.
00:20:54.000 That's so weird.
00:20:56.000 I was just reading that on Twitter this morning, like in the car here.
00:20:59.000 It's been 10 years since the weird Hobbit people. 1.00
00:20:59.000 I'm like, that's right. 1.00
00:21:02.000 There's still some people that try to dispute that, but apparently they've been discredited.
00:21:06.000 There was a guy who was trying to say that they were actually some form of Down syndrome children, and that's what accounted for the deviation.
00:21:14.000 But it seems like the consensus is, no, you're dealing with a totally different species.
00:21:19.000 I'm not that up on my paleoanthro.
00:21:25.000 I'm kind of a hardcore paleontologist.
00:21:27.000 We don't dig people.
00:21:29.000 We're kind of like loners and dead animals more than humans.
00:21:32.000 But what if you found a person?
00:21:34.000 I would freak out and call my boss.
00:21:35.000 Oh, you back up?
00:21:37.000 Yeah, it's like, nope, I don't, no. 1.00
00:21:39.000 If you found a heavy, brown, Neanderthal-looking motherfucker in there, you know? 1.00
00:21:43.000 That would rewrite history, and that would be cool to be part of it, but I'm actually not legally allowed to Because I'm a paleontologist, not an archaeologist. 0.98
00:21:53.000 If I come across human remains, I stop the entire project.
00:21:58.000 I call the coroner and my boss, and then a certified archaeologist comes out.
00:22:03.000 Being an archaeologist and dealing with people and tribal remains and all that in California, very, very specific.
00:22:10.000 I know in Mexico City, they're constantly digging for an apartment building or something like that, and they find some huge pyramid structure that's been covered in dirt for thousands of years that nobody knew existed.
00:22:22.000 My co-host, Tim, he's a Mesoamerican archaeologist.
00:22:25.000 That's his deal.
00:22:27.000 I don't know if he's on that project.
00:22:29.000 He's a teacher up north in NorCal.
00:22:33.000 But, yeah, that's his thing.
00:22:35.000 So, yeah, I wish I knew more about the Floriensis thing, because stuff like that's fascinating.
00:22:41.000 Where did we come from?
00:22:42.000 That's another one that was only, I believe, 14,000 years ago.
00:22:45.000 It was alive, right?
00:22:48.000 The...
00:22:49.000 Yeah, Florensis.
00:22:49.000 Florensis?
00:22:50.000 Yeah, I think so.
00:22:51.000 Yeah, I think it was somewhere...
00:22:53.000 It was recently enough that it was like one of those whoa moments.
00:22:56.000 Like, whoa.
00:22:57.000 Right.
00:22:58.000 There's a little person running around 14,000 years ago.
00:23:00.000 Right.
00:23:01.000 Three-foot-tall humans that were kind of chimp-like, but not really.
00:23:05.000 And they walked like people did. 1.00
00:23:07.000 That's a mindfuck, man. 0.99
00:23:07.000 Right. 0.99
00:23:09.000 And then you've got, you know, like Australopithecus.
00:23:11.000 It's four and a half million years old.
00:23:13.000 Yeah.
00:23:13.000 Or Artipithecus.
00:23:14.000 It's like 4.4, whatever the current thing is.
00:23:17.000 Yeah, but you're right.
00:23:19.000 We do have gaps all over the place.
00:23:21.000 And occasionally they fill them.
00:23:22.000 And occasionally we fill them.
00:23:23.000 We have a 55-million-year-old timeline just of horse evolution alone from when they used to be dog-sized, tiny little horse-like animals with multiple toes on their feet.
00:23:39.000 All the way up to your modern horse that's like huge single hoof.
00:23:44.000 We have every transitional stage for 55 million years.
00:23:48.000 Including those Budweiser horses?
00:23:50.000 Including the Clydesdales.
00:23:50.000 Yeah.
00:23:52.000 What happened with them?
00:23:53.000 How'd they grow hair on their feet? 1.00
00:23:54.000 Is that some asshole decided to grow like a poodle? 1.00
00:23:57.000 Yeah. 1.00
00:23:57.000 It's just when you get into things like that, like horse breeds, cat breeds, dog breeds, and all that, that's all human intervention. 1.00
00:24:04.000 That's all artificial selection.
00:24:07.000 That's, hey, I like that horse because it's bigger, it can carry more, and it kind of looks more noble.
00:24:13.000 So I'm going to breed that with the biggest female I have, and then take their kids and breed them with the second biggest. 1.00
00:24:19.000 And you just start building this genetic pyramid of things that you like.
00:24:26.000 And you're naturally selecting the traits you want and artificially selecting the traits you want and getting rid of the ones you don't.
00:24:34.000 You don't like that color?
00:24:35.000 I am only going to breed white horses.
00:24:38.000 When you first started studying paleontology and you got into this subject, the subject of animals being someone actually actively changing the way an animal...
00:24:50.000 That's got to be a very bizarre thing to try to conceptualize that someone took, say, a wolf...
00:24:57.000 And turned it into a chihuahua. 0.99
00:24:59.000 Like that, that is really the, that's where they came from, right?
00:25:02.000 Yeah.
00:25:03.000 And this is only recently discovered.
00:25:05.000 That's like the last 50,000 years.
00:25:08.000 God.
00:25:08.000 Yeah.
00:25:09.000 But it's only been recently proven that they all came from wolves, correct?
00:25:13.000 Oh yeah, genetically.
00:25:14.000 Yeah.
00:25:14.000 Because you can take a wolf and they're, so wolves and dogs, common ancestor.
00:25:20.000 Yeah.
00:25:22.000 But then wolves, what more than likely happened was wolves have, you had kind of like this proto-wolf.
00:25:31.000 It was just canis lupus.
00:25:33.000 It was your normal everyday wolf.
00:25:34.000 But you have a group of them that, see, we didn't domesticate wolves.
00:25:38.000 Wolves domesticated us.
00:25:40.000 They came in closer for fire and for warmth, for food, for protection.
00:25:47.000 So if you kind of think about it, we were giving scraps to these dogs and getting them to come closer.
00:25:53.000 But they're like, hey, I'm going to hang out with these people because they have a fire, I have food, and I can bark and let them know when things are coming.
00:26:02.000 So if you think about it, they actually domesticated us.
00:26:06.000 It was sort of a joint effort, no?
00:26:07.000 Maybe.
00:26:08.000 Maybe.
00:26:09.000 I occasionally like to knock humans down a couple pegs.
00:26:12.000 Yeah, you seem to err on the side of the animals.
00:26:14.000 Again, don't dig people.
00:26:18.000 So, say you have one small neighboring city has a really big bad wolf, and And you have the second biggest.
00:26:30.000 So they mate.
00:26:31.000 And then those puppies are bigger.
00:26:33.000 And then, oh, well, we don't want them as furry, so only keep the shorter coat puppies.
00:26:39.000 And then breed them.
00:26:40.000 And then, yeah, and then all of a sudden you're like, oh, I need really big dogs.
00:26:44.000 Oh, no, I want a small dog that I can carry around because it's fashionable.
00:26:47.000 Yeah, it's weird, man.
00:26:48.000 Even all our food.
00:26:50.000 Do you think a banana, your normal, everyday, cool, organic banana that you get, that's not a banana.
00:26:57.000 A banana is this weird green thing with seeds in it.
00:27:00.000 Yeah.
00:27:02.000 We've been doing it ever since we stopped being nomadic and stopped the hunter-gatherer lifestyle and started planting.
00:27:09.000 We've been changing our own everything.
00:27:12.000 Yeah, that's why people, when they get angry about GMO foods, like, well...
00:27:17.000 Everything you eat is modified.
00:27:21.000 It's like, do you mean lab GMO? Do you mean like gene spliced?
00:27:21.000 Yeah.
00:27:25.000 Right.
00:27:25.000 Do you mean what I call hip-geneered or hippie engineering, farming engineering?
00:27:29.000 It's like, I'm going to make a Honeycrisp apple by grafting one brand of an apple or one breed of an apple to another one.
00:27:36.000 That's GMO. Yeah.
00:27:38.000 It's like, we need to be very, you know, like, brief segue.
00:27:41.000 We need to be very clear on our labeling.
00:27:43.000 Was it grown in a lab?
00:27:45.000 Does it have fruit fly DNA in it?
00:27:46.000 It's like, does it glow in the dark?
00:27:48.000 Okay.
00:27:48.000 No.
00:27:49.000 It's still GMO, but it's not like some creepy, you know, mixing chemicals.
00:27:54.000 You know, god apple.
00:27:56.000 Well, people just, they love to throw that around, like, organic.
00:27:59.000 You know, it's like, I don't eat organic. 0.99
00:28:01.000 Like, okay, what the fuck are you telling me? 0.98
00:28:03.000 Can you define organic? 0.99
00:28:03.000 Yeah, what does that mean? 0.99
00:28:05.000 Do you know what that means, or are you just saying a word that you think makes you look like a better person?
00:28:09.000 It's like, oh, gluten.
00:28:09.000 Right, right.
00:28:11.000 It's like, do you know what gluten is?
00:28:12.000 Yeah.
00:28:13.000 It's like, do you know, it's like, do you really know what free-range means, or grass-fed, grass-fed, or, you know, nor hormone.
00:28:21.000 No hormone.
00:28:22.000 My girlfriend, she's, uh, You know, very, very, you know, healthy eating, very fit, and is getting me on the kick, too.
00:28:29.000 And, like, teaches me this stuff.
00:28:30.000 Like, taught me how to read a label on food. 0.97
00:28:33.000 And I'm like, oh, holy crap. 0.98
00:28:34.000 Okay. 0.94
00:28:35.000 That's cool.
00:28:36.000 You know, it's good stuff when you actually, when you take time to do the research.
00:28:41.000 Things, you know, things just kind of pop out and it's kind of nice that way when you have, because we have the internet and all that, it's easy to do research but it's also very easy to get thrown astray with like,
00:28:57.000 you know, I usually only read things that end in like.edu.org.
00:29:02.000 See, I'm the opposite.
00:29:03.000 I go right to the creationist forum. 1.00
00:29:04.000 I want to know how those motherfuckers are thinking. 1.00
00:29:06.000 I know how they think. 1.00
00:29:08.000 Have you seen my Twitter feed?
00:29:10.000 Nine times out of ten, all I'm doing is debating evolution with creationists.
00:29:13.000 Do you really?
00:29:14.000 Oh, I need to link your Twitter.
00:29:14.000 Yeah.
00:29:16.000 At tattoosandbones.
00:29:16.000 What's your Twitter?
00:29:18.000 Really?
00:29:18.000 Yep.
00:29:19.000 That's hilarious.
00:29:20.000 I've been tweeting you like the last two days, man.
00:29:21.000 Welcome to the club. 1.00
00:29:22.000 There's a lot of fucking people out there on the internet. 1.00
00:29:24.000 There's a lot of humans. 1.00
00:29:25.000 Are there?
00:29:26.000 At tattoosandbones.
00:29:26.000 Yeah.
00:29:28.000 Yeah.
00:29:30.000 A-N-D bones? 1.00
00:29:31.000 One word?
00:29:31.000 A-N-D, yeah.
00:29:34.000 Alright.
00:29:35.000 But yeah, and like people are, I get that a lot because I go to Siberia.
00:29:39.000 I, you know, with Mammoth Unearthed and I dig up a woolly mammoth carcass and I'm telling people about it and like occasionally I'll throw like a picture up on Twitter because we filmed it last year and it's just debuting on Sunday and And then people are like,
00:29:56.000 oh, well, look, you found that animal.
00:30:00.000 It's frozen.
00:30:01.000 It's proof that the world's only 6,000 years old.
00:30:03.000 I'm like, oh, don't even start.
00:30:05.000 Ah!
00:30:06.000 Those are the best.
00:30:06.000 Yeah.
00:30:07.000 Or there's gaps in the fossil record and, you know, things like that.
00:30:11.000 And it's just like, please just do your research.
00:30:13.000 Maybe you just need to talk to Kirk Cameron. 0.99
00:30:16.000 You know, you're talking a lot of shit, but you don't really know until you sit down with Kirk Cameron. 0.99
00:30:20.000 Have you ever seen this buddy that shows that banana is proof of evolution? 1.00
00:30:24.000 That would be Ray Comfort. 1.00
00:30:25.000 Yes, this dumb fuck who doesn't even understand that we changed the way bananas look. 1.00
00:30:29.000 Like, this guy, he calls a banana an atheist nightmare. 1.00
00:30:32.000 Have you seen that video?
00:30:33.000 It's beautiful, man.
00:30:35.000 I'm sorry, that video's beautiful.
00:30:37.000 Oh, yeah, and him and Dwayne Gish and the Gish Gallop where you're just, like, throwing a word salad at somebody.
00:30:43.000 It's like, oh, well, evolution isn't true because blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. 0.98
00:30:46.000 It's like, dude, shut up. 1.00
00:30:47.000 They're all just gay. 1.00
00:30:48.000 That's what it is. 1.00
00:30:49.000 That's fine.
00:30:51.000 Embrace it.
00:30:52.000 No, it's great.
00:30:52.000 Nothing wrong with being gay.
00:30:53.000 But I really believe that that's what's going on with most of those guys. 0.98
00:30:56.000 The reason why they're so hog wild for Jesus. 0.98
00:31:00.000 Like Kirk Cameron, that's a gay man. 1.00
00:31:02.000 I'm not a gay man, but I'm pretty good at spotting some things in this life. 0.74
00:31:06.000 I know what a gay man looks like. 1.00
00:31:08.000 I don't know what all gay men look like. 0.84
00:31:09.000 I've been fooled before. 0.58
00:31:11.000 But, you know what I'm saying?
00:31:12.000 It's like... 1.00
00:31:13.000 You put a fucking lizard outfit on a dog, I'm gonna go, hmm, something's up with that lizard. 1.00
00:31:19.000 What is this? 1.00
00:31:20.000 That's him with the banana?
00:31:21.000 Oh, yeah, there it is.
00:31:22.000 Yeah, peeling it.
00:31:23.000 Oh, wow, man.
00:31:24.000 Goof bag. 0.99
00:31:25.000 But he never even bothered doing the work to understand that we used to have different-looking fucking bananas within a written human record. 1.00
00:31:35.000 That ain't that long ago, stupid. 0.99
00:31:37.000 Yeah, and I think once somebody brought him an actual... 1.00
00:31:42.000 Non, like an original natural banana.
00:31:44.000 He's like, what's that?
00:31:45.000 It's a banana. 1.00
00:31:46.000 You dumb fuck. 1.00
00:31:47.000 Yeah, it's like, sorry. 1.00
00:31:48.000 Because he knew that part of his brain is all just for fighting off cock. 0.99
00:31:52.000 Fighting off the love of the cock. 0.99
00:31:54.000 So he puts that, just, I don't have any room for that. 0.91
00:31:58.000 I can't do that kind of research. 0.92
00:31:59.000 I'm busy fighting off the gay. 1.00
00:32:02.000 So I'll just sit here with this banana and just pontificate.
00:32:06.000 I mean, he could, if that, if that, If that is in any way, shape, or form a hypothesis or true.
00:32:13.000 It's my thesis.
00:32:14.000 Why use such a phallic symbol?
00:32:17.000 Why did he?
00:32:19.000 For all the same reasons.
00:32:21.000 He doesn't understand what he's doing.
00:32:23.000 He's drawn to it.
00:32:24.000 It's the transference into the symbol.
00:32:27.000 It's actually giving him power.
00:32:28.000 It makes him feel comfortable. 0.88
00:32:29.000 But it's such a ridiculous proposition that God made a food that we could hold perfectly. 0.91
00:32:35.000 Yeah. 0.84
00:32:36.000 What, tomatoes are no good?
00:32:37.000 Like, why can't... 0.99
00:32:38.000 I mean, a fucking tomato is pretty easily held, too. 1.00
00:32:41.000 Like, that's really stupid. 1.00
00:32:42.000 Why isn't it tomato-banana-shaped? 1.00
00:32:44.000 Which tomato?
00:32:45.000 That's true, right?
00:32:46.000 Yeah, you've got...
00:32:46.000 Cherry tomatoes?
00:32:47.000 Cherries, hothouse, grapes, you know, all these different ones, because we've...
00:32:53.000 Yeah, we modified them.
00:32:53.000 Modified them.
00:32:54.000 We got involved.
00:32:55.000 But that's why I really like my job.
00:32:58.000 I go way before all that.
00:33:00.000 Right.
00:33:01.000 I'm dealing with stuff that I can...
00:33:02.000 Pre-people.
00:33:03.000 Yeah. 0.99
00:33:03.000 Or at least pre-people that had the knowledge to fuck with things. 0.99
00:33:07.000 Yeah. 0.99
00:33:07.000 Yeah. 0.99
00:33:08.000 They were still wandering around going, crap, can we kill that big furry thing? 1.00
00:33:13.000 We don't know. 1.00
00:33:14.000 Maybe we'll just wait until one dies and then butcher it and drive off the smaller animals. 0.94
00:33:19.000 Yeah. 0.90
00:33:20.000 But it's stuff like that.
00:33:21.000 It's watching.
00:33:23.000 Being able to be in an environment where this animal lived.
00:33:26.000 Like, I was in Siberia.
00:33:28.000 It was cold. 0.99
00:33:29.000 It was fucking crazy. 0.98
00:33:31.000 And I'm in the land of these animals, looking out over the wastelands, like in a train, and seeing nothing but reindeer herds. 0.99
00:33:39.000 And the Nanette people.
00:33:42.000 The Nanette people are reindeer herders. 1.00
00:33:45.000 And they wear reindeer leather, and they make their sleds, and they use mammoth ivory for mammoth tusks they find.
00:33:53.000 Wow.
00:34:05.000 Yeah, and there's this whole sequence in Mammoth on Earth where I'm hanging out with the Nanette people, drinking reindeer blood to sacrifice a reindeer to the ground so I can find a mammoth, because mammoths to them are bad juju. 1.00
00:34:20.000 Mammoths are bad juju?
00:34:21.000 Yeah, they have this really...
00:34:24.000 See, I'm a scientist, and it's like, I'm not a theist, I'm not an atheist, I'm not even agnostic, I'm just a scientist, I need data.
00:34:32.000 So here I am with these people for a week, the Nanette, and I don't have my archaeologist anthropology buddy with me because he's on a different side of the planet at this point on the other side of Siberia still trying to find a mammoth.
00:34:47.000 I chase a lead going out here.
00:34:49.000 And that's the time I really kind of needed him because I was completely out of my element.
00:34:54.000 I'm with these very naturalistic, shamanic, animistic people.
00:34:59.000 And they're like, well, you know, mammoths are bad luck.
00:35:02.000 They're a sign of trouble.
00:35:03.000 And they tell me off camera that they have this three-tiered world that they have an upper god, the middle realm, and then the lower god.
00:35:13.000 The upper god gifted the Nanette people the reindeer.
00:35:16.000 The lower god is too large and too powerful to use reindeer, so he uses mammoths as herd animals and to pull his sled.
00:35:23.000 When a mammoth dies, the bones fall into the middle world.
00:35:27.000 If the Nanette people find them, they have to sacrifice one of their reindeer back. 1.00
00:35:32.000 Wow!
00:35:33.000 Yeah, so here I am surrounded by all these just very awesome, caring, hearty native people.
00:35:41.000 And then they're, well, you know, we're going to have to sacrifice a reindeer in order for you to find a mammoth, because if you find one and pull any bones out, we have to, you know...
00:35:50.000 So do you have to compensate them for their caribou when that happens?
00:35:54.000 No, no, they did it.
00:35:55.000 They were very welcoming.
00:35:56.000 Like, I'm hanging out in their tent.
00:35:58.000 But like, if you find a mammoth and then they have to sacrifice one of their reindeer or caribou.
00:36:03.000 Oh, they killed the caribou before that.
00:36:06.000 But do you eat it?
00:36:07.000 Or do they have to sacrifice?
00:36:09.000 Do they have to leave it in the ground?
00:36:10.000 No, they ate it.
00:36:12.000 So it doesn't go to waste.
00:36:14.000 It doesn't go to waste, but then they pass around the cup of blood and they make everybody drink, including me.
00:36:18.000 What does that taste like?
00:36:20.000 Like you get punched in the mouth and you're swallowing blood.
00:36:24.000 It's just blood.
00:36:26.000 But the fact that I'm watching the animal get butchered in front of me...
00:36:32.000 This wouldn't be some modern, weird, ritualistic thing with people wearing nitrile gloves and it's very clean.
00:36:39.000 No, it's just like, nope, slit the animal open, go throw the organs over there, and then take this metal coffee cup with a blue and pink daisy print on it, dip it into the chest cavity, and pass it around.
00:36:53.000 It's still steaming.
00:36:53.000 Holla.
00:36:54.000 I mean, the animal had just died 45 seconds ago.
00:36:58.000 Did you touch, have you ever touched the inside of one of those animals, like, right after they died?
00:37:02.000 Oh, yeah.
00:37:03.000 They're so warm.
00:37:04.000 The blood was steaming.
00:37:04.000 Yeah.
00:37:06.000 Like, I'm holding this, like, coffee cup steaming.
00:37:12.000 We're good to go.
00:37:33.000 Hmm.
00:37:34.000 I might keep it to myself.
00:37:35.000 Really?
00:37:36.000 You're a scientist.
00:37:36.000 How dare you?
00:37:37.000 You owe the world.
00:37:39.000 No, I have to test it first.
00:37:41.000 Okay, so you just keep...
00:37:42.000 Trevor's just wandering around Russia with hard arms all the time.
00:37:46.000 Like, what's he doing?
00:37:47.000 Next stop, St. Petersburg.
00:37:50.000 Come here.
00:37:51.000 I'm not sure.
00:37:52.000 Oh, wow.
00:37:52.000 Still not convinced.
00:37:53.000 Give me another gallon of that shit. 1.00
00:37:55.000 I was totally doing, like, the Bill Hicks goat boy voice there for a moment. 1.00
00:37:58.000 Very similar.
00:37:59.000 Yeah.
00:38:00.000 I'm Mammoth Boy.
00:38:02.000 I'm Mammoth Boy.
00:38:04.000 That's the sound!
00:38:05.000 So, when you're finding these animals, you said there were some that existed 4,000 plus years ago?
00:38:14.000 How old are the ones that you find?
00:38:17.000 Like, when you found this one that is essentially...
00:38:21.000 You're finding the actual body of this thing.
00:38:24.000 You feel the tissue and the hairs on it.
00:38:27.000 How old was that animal?
00:38:29.000 About 40,000 years old.
00:38:31.000 Whoa! 0.71
00:38:31.000 Yeah, so before humans had ever stepped foot on North America. 0.71
00:38:37.000 10,000 years after native Aboriginal people came to Australia. 0.96
00:38:45.000 Like, that's a stupid long amount of time. 0.96
00:38:48.000 Yeah, we can't really get that into our brain, can we? 0.99
00:38:52.000 No, no.
00:38:53.000 Even as somebody that works in what we call deep time, like, I'm working a site right now that can be, you know, 30, 40,000 years old, but I just came from a site that was 7, 8 million years old.
00:39:05.000 Million, millions of years.
00:39:07.000 Continents were in different places.
00:39:09.000 Yeah, that's too far.
00:39:10.000 I mean, it's like there was a land bridge between Asia and Alaska, the Bering Sea land bridge that these mammoths cruised over 40,000 years ago.
00:39:19.000 Ice was different.
00:39:21.000 65 million years ago, India wasn't part of Asia.
00:39:25.000 It hit it, causing a bunch of volcanoes, and a comet came in, an asteroid...
00:39:29.000 And hit South America and wiped out the dinosaurs.
00:39:32.000 Stuff's in different places, man.
00:39:34.000 Yeah.
00:39:35.000 It's like the rocks you hold, depending on where you are, some of them are four and five billion years old.
00:39:42.000 They're as old as the Earth itself.
00:39:44.000 They were formed when the solar system was forming.
00:39:47.000 It's kind of messed up to think about.
00:39:50.000 It's almost impossible. 0.87
00:39:52.000 As a point of reference in your little pea brain, little monkey brains. 0.95
00:39:52.000 Yeah. 0.95
00:39:56.000 Yeah.
00:39:57.000 It's like, you think, trying to think of what absolute zero is, you know, it's like what true nothingness, the concept of zero is very difficult.
00:40:05.000 Because everyone's like, oh, you know, I take the coffee cup away, I have zero coffee.
00:40:09.000 But think about that.
00:40:10.000 Think about zero coffee cup.
00:40:11.000 There's zero.
00:40:12.000 There's none.
00:40:13.000 It's like trying to remove an entirety of something.
00:40:16.000 That is nothingness.
00:40:17.000 Then go beyond that.
00:40:19.000 Well, I was listening to a lecture on the Big Bang where it was explaining the concept of a pre-Big Bang universe, which apparently they believe only existed for the amount of time that it takes light to get across a photon or across an atom.
00:40:38.000 Literally...
00:40:39.000 Like, an almost immeasurably short amount of time where there was no physics.
00:40:45.000 Yeah, it was a singularity.
00:40:47.000 It's just like... 0.99
00:40:48.000 Yeah, and when this guy was trying to explain this, I rewound it and played it back and forth like fucking four times in a row, and I'm like, ooh, I'm too stupid. 1.00
00:40:56.000 I'm too stupid to get that in. 0.94
00:40:58.000 Like, I'm trying to conceptualize the idea of this, and then I'm like, okay, well, what happened before that? 1.00
00:41:04.000 No one knows.
00:41:05.000 No one knows.
00:41:07.000 And that's the thing.
00:41:09.000 Working in a hard physical science like I do, we have radiometric dating.
00:41:14.000 We have geology.
00:41:15.000 We have biology.
00:41:16.000 We have all this stuff that tells us how old this mammoth is, what it did, what it's related to.
00:41:22.000 We can do DNA mapping and all of that.
00:41:24.000 We can see the evolutionary paths of these animals.
00:41:28.000 But then you get into, well, how did life on Earth start?
00:41:30.000 Abiogenesis.
00:41:31.000 You know, it's like, whoa.
00:41:33.000 Okay, bacteria and RNA and lightning strikes and weird things.
00:41:37.000 And you mean Jesus?
00:41:39.000 Do you mean Jesus?
00:41:41.000 Well, no, Jesus came after.
00:41:42.000 He was always here.
00:41:45.000 It's his plan.
00:41:48.000 It's part of the Lord's plan.
00:41:50.000 I would have to see empirical data on that.
00:41:52.000 How dare you?
00:41:52.000 Oh, wow.
00:41:53.000 So...
00:41:54.000 When you're finding these woolly mammoths, is this just luck, or does someone alert you to the fact that they found one, and then you go...
00:42:03.000 We had to use kind of the scary bit, which is the Tusk Hunters themselves. 0.51
00:42:10.000 Oh, wow.
00:42:11.000 So Tusk Hunting is legal, kind of.
00:42:14.000 So there's X amount of permits that are released by the Russian government for people to go and look for tusks.
00:42:19.000 One guy that we ran into, his name's Igor, of course.
00:42:22.000 Of course.
00:42:23.000 They're always named Igor. 1.00
00:42:24.000 Cool fucking name. 1.00
00:42:25.000 Right? 0.99
00:42:27.000 And he was a cool dude.
00:42:28.000 He was like the river baron.
00:42:30.000 He had the biggest boat, the fastest boat, and the biggest gun on the entire Yana River.
00:42:35.000 The biggest gun?
00:42:36.000 Yeah.
00:42:37.000 It's like a.50 caliber, like a Barrett sniper rifle.
00:42:39.000 Really?
00:42:40.000 Yeah.
00:42:40.000 Wow.
00:42:41.000 The fuck was he shooting? 1.00
00:42:42.000 It's the Soviet version of it, which I think is the Dragunov. 1.00
00:42:47.000 But he's the boss of that area.
00:42:49.000 He has a permit.
00:42:52.000 But there are other people in the area that don't have a tusk permit that try and go and poach tusks because they can sell them on the black market.
00:43:00.000 It's not more like the gray market.
00:43:01.000 You have to have a permit to get a tusk.
00:43:04.000 So if you're a guy and you live in Siberia and you're in your backyard and you're digging a hole and you find a tusk, you can't just take that tusk.
00:43:11.000 Nope.
00:43:12.000 Huh.
00:43:13.000 No, there's no such thing as land and mineral rights there.
00:43:16.000 Oh, okay.
00:43:16.000 It's not like Montana or anything.
00:43:17.000 So, what do you do?
00:43:19.000 Do you have to, like, pretend?
00:43:20.000 Oh, just thinking about maybe getting a Tufts license, you know, whatever. 1.00
00:43:24.000 You have to pretend you don't have $100,000 worth of shit. 1.00
00:43:27.000 Right. 1.00
00:43:27.000 Or you find somebody that does have a permit, or you sell it on the black market. 1.00
00:43:32.000 Um...
00:43:32.000 But these people, since they go out, right when the snow starts to melt, right when the permafrost starts to get weaker, they go in and they drill in and dig into these cliff sides.
00:43:43.000 They know where all of the big finds are first.
00:43:47.000 So Tim and I had to get in well with this kind of weird gray hat semi-mob scene of Tusk Hunters.
00:43:58.000 And here's like two American dudes walking in.
00:44:01.000 You know, one's dressed as Indiana Jones, one's dressed as a biker, coming in going, hey, do you know where any mammoths are?
00:44:08.000 And they're looking at us like, yeah, you're a wealthy American dude.
00:44:13.000 We don't really want to tell you because you're going to take the tusks away, and this is our entire commodity.
00:44:18.000 So we had to really be nice to them and really be very, very deferring because we heard a few times that some of these tusk bosses, the big guys kind of like Igor...
00:44:30.000 There was a group that went in to poach him.
00:44:32.000 One got sent home in a box.
00:44:34.000 They killed him?
00:44:35.000 Yeah.
00:44:36.000 Because he was poaching?
00:44:37.000 Yeah.
00:44:37.000 Whoa.
00:44:38.000 In, like, one dude's area.
00:44:40.000 So we're dealing with serious people.
00:44:42.000 Like, we're walking through parts of, you know, Nowheresville, northeastern Siberia, past, you know, cars with bullet holes in them.
00:44:51.000 And this is, like, it's not the Wild West.
00:44:54.000 It's the Wild East.
00:44:56.000 Laws don't really apply in some of the places we were in.
00:44:59.000 So it's just a completely different animal.
00:45:02.000 Oh yeah.
00:45:02.000 It was something I was not prepared for.
00:45:07.000 So how long does the politics of getting in with these people, how long does that take for them to trust you to the point where they're going to lead you to this stuff?
00:45:16.000 Well, we would have people talk on our behalf for a couple days, and then we would go meet them.
00:45:24.000 We'd kind of try and butter them up. 0.99
00:45:25.000 Bring them vodka or some shit? 0.99
00:45:27.000 No, no, better. 0.99
00:45:27.000 Yeah. 0.99
00:45:28.000 We brought them like Jameson and things like that.
00:45:30.000 But don't say better to them.
00:45:32.000 No.
00:45:33.000 Better than vodka?
00:45:34.000 Yeah.
00:45:36.000 I'll tell you.
00:45:37.000 No, man.
00:45:38.000 You break out a bottle of Jameson Private Reserve, they go nuts.
00:45:41.000 Really?
00:45:41.000 They love Jameson.
00:45:42.000 What about Jack Daniels?
00:45:42.000 Yeah.
00:45:43.000 What about a good goddamn American beverage? 0.99
00:45:46.000 No? 1.00
00:45:47.000 What the fuck is this? 1.00
00:45:49.000 No, we tried, man. 0.99
00:45:50.000 How about Makers? 1.00
00:45:51.000 Makers would have been good.
00:45:52.000 There wasn't any at the duty-free shop.
00:45:54.000 I flew from LA to London to Moscow.
00:45:59.000 I flew from LA to London, spent 19 hours in London gearing up, and hit a duty-free shop at Heathrow before we got to Moscow.
00:46:08.000 Then we flew to Moscow.
00:46:09.000 Then we flew something across, I think, 10 time zones to this tiny little town called Yakutsk.
00:46:16.000 And once you're there, all bets are off.
00:46:19.000 Because, yeah, trying to find anything there that remotely resembles something American is...
00:46:27.000 I was not ready for this.
00:46:29.000 Wow.
00:46:29.000 It was really weird, man.
00:46:32.000 Do you speak Russian or read Russian?
00:46:34.000 No, I kind of started faking it to the point...
00:46:39.000 I was there for six weeks.
00:46:40.000 It got to the point where...
00:46:42.000 You know, like, thank you, spasibo, you know, stuff like that just kind of started to happen.
00:46:49.000 I did, however, go on an adventure by myself, no production assistants, no director, nothing, trying to track down a pharmacy.
00:46:58.000 Because I had, like, an ear infection.
00:47:00.000 So I'm on Google, trying to learn the words, and then trying this, like, apteka.
00:47:00.000 And I'm like, okay.
00:47:06.000 And people are like, oh, dude, I don't understand Russian.
00:47:11.000 So I'm like, in a weird combination of Google Translate, Maps on my phone, and then starting to recognize how the letters work, I found a pharmacy.
00:47:22.000 I was really proud of myself.
00:47:23.000 How long did that take?
00:47:23.000 Wow.
00:47:24.000 About 45 minutes, and it was right around the corner from the hotel.
00:47:28.000 So I went in like four different opposite directions.
00:47:31.000 And then you have to find ear infection medication.
00:47:35.000 Try asking someone that doesn't speak English for hydrogen peroxide.
00:47:41.000 What does it look like in Russian, too?
00:47:43.000 They have that wacky language.
00:47:45.000 Yeah, it's Cyrillic.
00:47:45.000 It's all, like, upside-down cues and all weird stuff.
00:47:50.000 It was an adventure, man.
00:47:53.000 It was absolutely an adventure.
00:47:54.000 And some of them I wish were in the show, but the stuff that's in the show...
00:47:59.000 It's going to blow your mind.
00:48:00.000 We're in ice caves.
00:48:01.000 We're climbing down cliffs.
00:48:04.000 We're physically touching the skin of a woolly mammoth that's like 40,000 years old.
00:48:11.000 I'm like, I'm showing the trunk, the tusk.
00:48:14.000 I'm doing a full biological study on this thing with tissue and blood.
00:48:18.000 What's the environment that you're doing this in?
00:48:21.000 Is it outside?
00:48:22.000 Outside of a permafrost cave in a truck.
00:48:24.000 Wow.
00:48:25.000 And so do you cover this thing when you find it?
00:48:29.000 Do you attempt to mitigate the damage that the sun and the elements...
00:48:35.000 The one we finally got our hands on was discovered a few months before.
00:48:39.000 And it was secreted away in this weird...
00:48:43.000 It was like a permafrost fish locker.
00:48:46.000 It's this natural cave that they store their food in.
00:48:49.000 So we were the first Westerners...
00:48:52.000 To see this thing.
00:48:53.000 Because it kind of made a news splash.
00:48:56.000 It was like the bleeding mammoth.
00:48:59.000 And everyone's like, oh, whoa, cool.
00:49:01.000 There's a woolly mammoth.
00:49:02.000 It's leaking blood.
00:49:03.000 And I'm like, if we're in Siberia, I need to see this mammoth.
00:49:08.000 Because this is like the newest and baddest mammoth.
00:49:10.000 I've got to see this thing.
00:49:12.000 So we go and we track it down.
00:49:15.000 And we go into this...
00:49:18.000 This permafrost fish locker.
00:49:20.000 And you'll see in the show, we're kind of like walking along and then we turn and there's this mammoth shaped snowball.
00:49:27.000 It's covered in snow and ice.
00:49:29.000 But we're the first, again, the first Westerners, because this had been found by a small group of people in this tiny little fishing village called Kazachie.
00:49:40.000 No one had seen it yet.
00:49:41.000 So it takes...
00:49:43.000 They find it.
00:49:44.000 They find it.
00:49:45.000 They store it and hide it away.
00:49:46.000 And then how does the word finally get to the paleontologist in Los Angeles?
00:49:52.000 Funny enough, through Google and Twitter and things like that, there's this big...
00:49:57.000 If you search back to last May...
00:49:59.000 No, it was May of 2012. No, it was May of 2013. Yeah.
00:50:06.000 There was the bleeding mammoth that was found.
00:50:09.000 It's the Lyakhovsky mammoth.
00:50:12.000 The Russians that found it, one of them is a paleontologist for the Northeastern Federal University.
00:50:18.000 There it is, yeah.
00:50:19.000 Check it out.
00:50:20.000 That's the actual...
00:50:22.000 That's the bleeding mammoth that was found way back then.
00:50:25.000 Well, that looks like a rock.
00:50:27.000 But you're actually looking at the front left leg.
00:50:27.000 Right?
00:50:33.000 So it's totally frozen.
00:50:35.000 It's like this rock hard permafrost ball at this point.
00:50:35.000 Right.
00:50:40.000 So you've got the front left leg and you've got the scapula.
00:50:44.000 So underneath the Discovery News logo there, that's where the mouth is.
00:50:50.000 But it's completely frozen in this little thing.
00:50:55.000 And bleeding in what way?
00:50:58.000 They found this goo leaking out of it or leaking out near it.
00:51:03.000 And it took the world by storm briefly.
00:51:06.000 And we're like, okay, this is weird.
00:51:08.000 I'm going to Siberia.
00:51:09.000 I've got to check this mammoth out.
00:51:10.000 It's got to be there.
00:51:11.000 It didn't just show up.
00:51:13.000 People go, hey, look, we've got liquid blood.
00:51:14.000 Ha ha.
00:51:15.000 We've got this mammoth.
00:51:16.000 And then they make it disappear.
00:51:17.000 It's like, screw that, man.
00:51:19.000 I need to find this mammoth.
00:51:20.000 If I'm kind of striking out finding other mammoths, I've got to at least get my hands on one.
00:51:26.000 We managed to track that mammoth down, and I brought on a whole slew, just this portable lab of an endoscope, a biological microscope.
00:51:36.000 I was going to see if it has blood, look at the trunk tissue, look at all this stuff, and start this mini autopsy on a mammoth body.
00:51:46.000 It was a trip.
00:51:46.000 Wow.
00:51:47.000 I mean, you'll see.
00:51:48.000 It's really intense, man.
00:51:50.000 What's your feeling on these people that want to clone something like this?
00:51:55.000 Because this is a real issue that we're heading into in 2014, where we actually have the capability of doing something like this, where they can take...
00:52:05.000 Some DNA from some sort of a living dinosaur or living elephant, rather, and figure out a way to create a mammoth.
00:52:12.000 This is possible.
00:52:14.000 Yeah, people have been asking me this a lot recently, especially since we're doing all the press for Mammoth on Earth here.
00:52:22.000 They keep saying, it's like, oh, it's like clone mammoth, clone mammoth.
00:52:25.000 I... I don't believe...
00:52:28.000 Yes, we can probably do it.
00:52:30.000 It'll probably take longer than we think.
00:52:32.000 Maybe like 50, 60 years.
00:52:34.000 It's not like a 5, 10 year...
00:52:35.000 Oh, from now?
00:52:36.000 From now, yeah.
00:52:37.000 The way as technology advances.
00:52:39.000 Right.
00:52:40.000 I mean, there was a Korean geneticist team on site while we were filming because they were also looking for that mammoth.
00:52:49.000 And I actually became really good friends with a couple of them.
00:52:52.000 And we were talking at length and it's like, yeah, it's like maybe 50, 60 years away from right now.
00:52:57.000 But the problem is, at least in my personal and mildly slightly professional view, it's unethical.
00:53:07.000 Why bring back an animal just to kill it?
00:53:11.000 Why would you kill it? 0.95
00:53:13.000 It would eventually die. 0.99
00:53:15.000 It's the...
00:53:19.000 Yeah.
00:53:40.000 We're good to go.
00:53:55.000 You put a rug on an elephant.
00:53:57.000 There's your woolly mammoth.
00:53:57.000 There you go.
00:53:58.000 Couldn't we have an island called Paleolithic Park and have a bunch of cloned mammoths wandering around and we have a nice place where you could take your family and see?
00:54:07.000 Look, honey, there's the mammoth.
00:54:09.000 Let me tell you, man.
00:54:10.000 I've helped use paleontology and design life-size puppet saber-toothed cats and stuff like that.
00:54:20.000 Yeah, I would love to see a dinosaur or a mammoth or a saber-toothed cat.
00:54:26.000 Archaeopteryx, some amazing, awesome fossil.
00:54:29.000 But these things are gone.
00:54:31.000 And it's more than just that the animal is no longer living.
00:54:34.000 The environment it lived in is no longer there.
00:54:37.000 We're not exactly sure what it ate.
00:54:39.000 If we can pin down the exact grasses and everything that a woolly mammoth ate...
00:54:44.000 What if they're extinct in the wild now?
00:54:45.000 We can't feed it what it would normally eat. 1.00
00:54:48.000 Make it eat fucking TV dinners. 1.00
00:54:50.000 Who gives a shit if I could look at the damn thing? 1.00
00:54:53.000 You can! 1.00
00:54:54.000 There's frozen carcasses that pop out of the ice.
00:54:56.000 Go check them out, man.
00:54:58.000 I completely see your point. 0.99
00:55:00.000 I'm only fucking around. 0.96
00:55:00.000 I totally understand. 0.96
00:55:01.000 Oh, no worries. 0.99
00:55:02.000 But the reality is, if someone cloned a fucking dinosaur, I'm there. 0.99
00:55:06.000 Oh, yeah. 0.99
00:55:06.000 I'm there, man. 0.99
00:55:07.000 Absolutely.
00:55:08.000 With bells on. 1.00
00:55:08.000 I want to see that shit. 1.00
00:55:09.000 I want to be that cliche moment of Dr. Grant, Jurassic Park, like, falling out of the Jeep and, like, knocking his sunglasses off and going, like, holy crap, that's a brachiosaur. 1.00
00:55:21.000 I want to see the T-Rex steal the goat from the rope.
00:55:23.000 Right, right.
00:55:25.000 I want to be there.
00:55:26.000 I want to be there.
00:55:27.000 Chokes that thing down.
00:55:29.000 But just have a bunch of Marines standing by with giant guns. 1.00
00:55:33.000 Like, bitch, move. 1.00
00:55:34.000 You make one bad move, and it's over. 1.00
00:55:37.000 Dinosaur fuckface. 1.00
00:55:39.000 The idea of that would be awesome. 1.00
00:55:41.000 The idea of it.
00:55:42.000 The idea of it.
00:55:44.000 I mean, when it comes to a T-Rex, you're dealing with a 40-foot-long animal that had 10,000-plus pounds of...
00:55:51.000 And Jesus wrote it around 6,000 years ago.
00:55:54.000 Yeah, 6,000 years ago.
00:55:55.000 I think it was 6,000 years ago with Thursday.
00:56:00.000 Funny, I think it was like Thursday, October 23rd.
00:56:03.000 6,000 years ago.
00:56:04.000 It's like it's the anniversary of Jesus riding the velociraptor from Galilee right now.
00:56:10.000 It seems inevitable, though, that someone's going to do something along these lines.
00:56:14.000 I agree with you that it's probably not ethical to clone a mammoth, but when you start collecting things like blood, you have real genetic tissue.
00:56:25.000 If there was any blood left, we would.
00:56:27.000 There wasn't any blood.
00:56:28.000 No, the problem with...
00:56:31.000 The same thing that happens to a mammoth is the same thing if I put myself in permafrost or anybody.
00:56:37.000 It doesn't matter how fit you are, how adapted to the environment you are, anything like that.
00:56:44.000 When a mammal cell freezes, all the liquid inside freezes and the ice crystals form and shatter the cell wall, leaking out all of the genetic material into this soup.
00:56:57.000 So you need an intact cell with a complete nucleus in order to even begin thinking about cloning.
00:57:05.000 Really?
00:57:06.000 That's fascinating.
00:57:07.000 So we have the woolly mammoth genome, but we don't have the genetic information from a single individual to actually begin cloning.
00:57:14.000 Oh, so that's why it would be like 40 or 50 years from now?
00:57:17.000 The technology is just not quite at that level yet?
00:57:20.000 And we don't have the evidence yet.
00:57:21.000 We don't have the physical requirement of mammoth DNA. So when you're finding this goo, what exactly is it?
00:57:28.000 Is this exploded cells?
00:57:30.000 Yeah, it's exploded cells.
00:57:32.000 It's like blood, like hemoglobin stained tissue and melted...
00:57:40.000 The same thing that would happen if you put a steak in a deep freezer for a year and then take it out and let it sit on your counter for overnight.
00:57:48.000 It just turns into this cellular goo.
00:57:52.000 A steak in a deep freezer turns into goo?
00:57:54.000 What do you mean?
00:57:55.000 Yeah.
00:57:55.000 After you thaw it out.
00:57:58.000 We're good to go.
00:58:19.000 We're good to go.
00:58:38.000 And at first it was all nice and solid and hard, and we drilled a couple holes through the tissue when it was hard in order to take core samples and look at muscle tissue.
00:58:48.000 And then we noticed this goo, which is a combination of cellular material and water, you know, melting ice, mud, what's left of blood, and just growth starting to seep out of the holes.
00:59:03.000 And, yeah, it's kind of disgusting.
00:59:05.000 It's pretty wild, though, to think that you're actually getting a liquid from this animal that existed 40,000 years ago.
00:59:12.000 Wow.
00:59:12.000 Yeah.
00:59:13.000 It kind of messes with your head.
00:59:16.000 We filmed it last year, and it's airing on Sunday.
00:59:20.000 And just to think about it, it's like, no.
00:59:22.000 This time last year, I was still recovering from poking...
00:59:26.000 A mammoth.
00:59:27.000 Recovering?
00:59:28.000 Yeah, just mentally recovering.
00:59:29.000 Yeah, it's just like, no, I didn't get some mammoth superflu or anything, which would be cool.
00:59:29.000 Oh, I see.
00:59:34.000 That is something to think about, right?
00:59:36.000 Is it possible that bacteria or some diseases could survive?
00:59:36.000 Yes.
00:59:40.000 Bacteria and virae and all that, they're much hardier than a human cell is.
00:59:44.000 I know that there's some strains of trichinosis that can survive a deep freeze.
00:59:50.000 They say that some strains of trichinosis you can get from something that's been frozen for years.
00:59:57.000 If you take a piece of meat from an animal that has trichinosis and freeze it for a couple years, thaw it out and cook it, if you don't cook it to 160 degrees, you can get trichinosis.
01:00:07.000 Which is insane.
01:00:09.000 That means those larvae survived...
01:00:11.000 Deep freeze for years.
01:00:13.000 Yeah. 1.00
01:00:14.000 What the fuck, man? 1.00
01:00:16.000 That's evolution right there. 1.00
01:00:18.000 That's like, nope, you know, we're gonna hang out and be hardy and just, you know, the weaker ones die.
01:00:26.000 Nature's scary, dude.
01:00:27.000 Yeah, nature's totally scary.
01:00:28.000 That's why it's scary to clone a mammoth, right? 0.98
01:00:30.000 Because who knows what kind of fucking crazy new plague... 0.96
01:00:34.000 I think, what is it, Jurassic Park 2, the T-Rex goes and destroys San Diego? 0.98
01:00:39.000 I mean, all of a sudden we have like a rampant woolly mammoth like tearing apart, you know, downtown Seoul.
01:00:44.000 I mean... 1.00
01:00:44.000 They'd shoot that shit so quick. 1.00
01:00:46.000 Yeah, true. 1.00
01:00:47.000 They're big, but... 1.00
01:00:48.000 Light that fucker up like a Christmas tree. 1.00
01:00:51.000 And then we'd all have mammoth steaks. 1.00
01:00:53.000 Mm.
01:00:54.000 I wanted to actually try a piece of the meat from the mammoth.
01:00:57.000 To eat?
01:00:58.000 Yeah, they wouldn't let me.
01:00:59.000 You really wanted to eat a piece?
01:01:00.000 I really wanted to try it, yeah.
01:01:01.000 Why would you do that?
01:01:03.000 Why not?
01:01:04.000 Because it's 40,000 years old and you could just have a sandwich instead.
01:01:07.000 I'm already doing the once-in-a-lifetime thing.
01:01:10.000 Right, but why do people have to... 0.98
01:01:11.000 Everybody has to fucking... 0.99
01:01:12.000 I have to take it into my body. 0.99
01:01:14.000 At this point, I've been finding mammoth bones, I've been drinking reindeer blood.
01:01:23.000 You're a barbarian at this point. 0.95
01:01:24.000 Might as well be wearing leather underwear.
01:01:29.000 The parka actually still smells like mammoth.
01:01:32.000 Now that you mention that.
01:01:35.000 Really?
01:01:35.000 Yeah.
01:01:36.000 I wouldn't wash it either.
01:01:37.000 Why would you wash it, Parker?
01:01:38.000 Well, you don't want to.
01:01:40.000 It smells like an animal that lived 40,000 years ago.
01:01:43.000 That's pretty damn cool.
01:01:44.000 Right.
01:01:46.000 Wow.
01:01:46.000 So is this the ultimate for you, to be able to find this animal, this really mammoth carcass?
01:01:52.000 It really was.
01:01:53.000 I mean, it was an absolute dream come to...
01:01:54.000 I mean, you'll see in the show...
01:01:56.000 And it's this Sunday night it airs.
01:01:58.000 Yeah, so it airs...
01:02:00.000 It headlines the National Geographic...
01:02:03.000 I can already hear it in my head.
01:02:06.000 It's like, don't mess up the name!
01:02:08.000 It's like, I'm bad at my own press.
01:02:10.000 It airs Sunday night, 8 p.m.
01:02:13.000 Eastern Pacific, as it headlines the National Geographic Channel's Day of Expedition Marathon.
01:02:19.000 Yeah, it's a two-hour documentary.
01:02:22.000 And, yeah, Nat Geo Channel, Sunday the 26th at 8pm.
01:02:27.000 And if you're in LA, though, you can see it two days early.
01:02:30.000 Why's that?
01:02:31.000 Because I'm throwing a party at my friend's bar. 1.00
01:02:33.000 Oh, shit! 1.00
01:02:34.000 A mammoth party! 1.00
01:02:35.000 Mammoth party.
01:02:36.000 What day is this?
01:02:37.000 Friday night, 8.30.
01:02:39.000 You're not gonna be here. 0.99
01:02:39.000 Damn it. 0.99
01:02:41.000 Oh, really? 1.00
01:02:41.000 Fucker! 1.00
01:02:42.000 Bummer, man. 1.00
01:02:42.000 Yeah, I would love to come to your mammoth party. 1.00
01:02:45.000 Yeah, we're going to put it up on the...
01:02:46.000 It's my friend's bar.
01:02:47.000 It's in East Hollywood.
01:02:48.000 It's the faculty.
01:02:50.000 Powerful plug for the factory.
01:02:52.000 Faculty.
01:02:53.000 Powerful plug for the faculty there.
01:02:54.000 And the preview party.
01:02:56.000 East LA? East Hollywood.
01:02:58.000 East Hollywood?
01:02:59.000 Is that technically like Silver Lake?
01:02:59.000 Yeah.
01:03:01.000 Is that the new way of saying Silver Lake?
01:03:03.000 No, we're...
01:03:04.000 You don't appear to be a hipter. 1.00
01:03:05.000 East Hollywood, we're in this weird little...
01:03:08.000 It's this bizarre place where we're not quite Los Feliz, we're not quite Silver Lake and Echo Park, and we're not quite Koreatown.
01:03:15.000 You should just run out there and buy real estate for East Hollywood right now, just because the fact that you've said that it's kind of like this cool new spot, people are like, geez, good job.
01:03:24.000 That's the new place.
01:03:25.000 Yeah. 0.99
01:03:26.000 And the fucking mad scramble to buy real estate in East Hollywood. 0.98
01:03:29.000 Yeah, I've been there for three years now. 0.99
01:03:31.000 You can create a market.
01:03:32.000 But weirdly enough, it's already starting to do it.
01:03:35.000 Because there's the hip craft beer wine place that my friends got, and then the boutique ice cream, the tattoo shop, the CrossFit place.
01:03:35.000 Of course!
01:03:44.000 It's just in this one corner.
01:03:46.000 I love that area.
01:03:47.000 Yeah.
01:03:47.000 I love Los Feliz.
01:03:48.000 I love Silver Lake.
01:03:49.000 I don't live there, but my buddy Duncan does.
01:03:52.000 And whenever I go to visit him, we walk around his neighborhood.
01:03:55.000 I'm like, dude, this is the weirdest part of LA. Yeah, this is Melrose and Vermont.
01:04:00.000 Melrose and Vermont, Melrose and Heliotrope right there.
01:04:02.000 Wow.
01:04:02.000 Yeah, it's a great, weird little, like, it's like a boutique antique shop.
01:04:07.000 It's like three blocks down, somebody just got shot.
01:04:07.000 Really?
01:04:11.000 This is bizarre.
01:04:13.000 So, yeah, it's crazy.
01:04:13.000 Yeah.
01:04:16.000 That'd be rad if you could come. 0.95
01:04:16.000 That sucks, man. 0.95
01:04:18.000 Cannot do, my friend. 0.99
01:04:19.000 Cannot do.
01:04:20.000 It does sound pretty badass, though.
01:04:22.000 Beer, wine, mammoth?
01:04:23.000 Now that you've done this, what's next for you?
01:04:26.000 This is essentially the ultimate for you?
01:04:29.000 Yeah.
01:04:30.000 I mean, I found a woolly mammoth.
01:04:33.000 Well, one, I went to northeastern Siberia, where very few American paleontologists ever go.
01:04:43.000 I'm one of the few people to actually touch and interact with an actual woolly mammoth carcass.
01:04:50.000 Right now, it is the ultimate for me, but I don't know what's next.
01:04:54.000 How can I top that other than...
01:04:56.000 Like digging out a tyrannosaur in the middle of Montana or...
01:05:01.000 There is a lot of that in Montana, right?
01:05:03.000 Yeah.
01:05:03.000 Montana's a huge...
01:05:05.000 It's because there is like...
01:05:07.000 It's called the Western Interior Seaway.
01:05:09.000 It connected the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico.
01:05:12.000 That's why Kansas and all that, that's all good farmland. 0.85
01:05:15.000 It's because it was underwater.
01:05:17.000 So Montana, Utah, all that, they were swampy areas.
01:05:21.000 I've been to the area, the Badlands in Montana, in those mountains where you're walking around on silt.
01:05:27.000 The mountains are covered with what was essentially at the bottom of the Great Western Inland Sea.
01:05:33.000 Yeah, the Dakotas, all that.
01:05:35.000 They find shells up there.
01:05:38.000 Like seashells.
01:05:38.000 Yeah.
01:05:39.000 Yeah. 0.99
01:05:39.000 Which is just like, what the fuck? 0.99
01:05:41.000 My coworker at SWCA, Lee, he's like a tried and true Montana paleontologist. 0.99
01:05:47.000 He's had his hand in more T-Rex skeletons than anybody I know.
01:05:50.000 Wow.
01:05:51.000 He's a really cool dude.
01:05:54.000 Do they find megalodons in Montana as well?
01:05:57.000 I don't know.
01:05:59.000 They do in Bakersfield.
01:06:01.000 Bakersfield, California.
01:06:02.000 Yeah.
01:06:02.000 Wow.
01:06:03.000 Just up north.
01:06:03.000 Yeah.
01:06:04.000 Yeah, there's actually a place called Shark's Tooth Hill because they found Meg Teeth there.
01:06:09.000 Wow.
01:06:10.000 Chile.
01:06:10.000 Yeah.
01:06:12.000 There's ones out in the Carolinas and Georgia and Florida.
01:06:15.000 All over the place.
01:06:17.000 Yeah, they're fantastic, man.
01:06:19.000 How much does it piss you off when you see those shows where they pretend that they have footage of a Megalodon? 0.98
01:06:25.000 Have you seen that goofy shit where they actually have fake photos from World War II? I purposely don't watch them because then my blood sugar goes up and I probably end up doing a Twitter tirade and my girlfriend would get mad at me. 0.98
01:06:38.000 Why would she get mad at you for a Twitter tirade? 1.00
01:06:40.000 Oh, because...
01:06:41.000 There was one time, I think in like two days, I did like over a thousand tweets just like debating people.
01:06:48.000 It's just because it becomes all focused.
01:06:50.000 I'm just, you know, my brain's kind of wired different than a lot of people.
01:06:54.000 I will just focus and nitpick and just go nuts.
01:06:57.000 And she's just like, you know, you could be doing, I'm not going to scroll through hundreds of tweets.
01:07:03.000 It's like, what's going on?
01:07:05.000 I'm like, oh, I was making a point.
01:07:08.000 He was saying there were gaps in the fossil record.
01:07:10.000 Yeah.
01:07:11.000 Oh, is it one of those dudes who are evolutionary deniers?
01:07:15.000 Yeah.
01:07:16.000 Yeah, that's unfortunately incredibly common, but I've...
01:07:21.000 Unfortunately incredibly common in the U.S. Not in other places?
01:07:24.000 No.
01:07:25.000 Really?
01:07:25.000 No.
01:07:25.000 We're one of the highest rates of evolution denial and science denial in the entire world.
01:07:30.000 What do you attribute that to?
01:07:32.000 Um...
01:07:33.000 Corn?
01:07:34.000 GMO corn.
01:07:35.000 Is that what it is?
01:07:36.000 It's Monsanto.
01:07:37.000 It's Chemtrails.
01:07:37.000 It's not even going to get started on all that, man.
01:07:41.000 Again, I'm a scientist.
01:07:42.000 I need data.
01:07:45.000 I don't know.
01:07:46.000 Maybe it's freedom.
01:07:48.000 It's actual freedom.
01:07:49.000 It's the freedom to believe.
01:07:51.000 It's the freedom to have faith.
01:07:54.000 It's a great thing to have.
01:07:56.000 It's a great thing to question.
01:07:57.000 I don't knock that.
01:07:58.000 I don't knock religions.
01:07:59.000 I don't knock...
01:08:00.000 I have a lot of people that are religious.
01:08:02.000 I have a lot of people that are atheists that are all good friends of mine.
01:08:05.000 I do not in any way, shape, or form care what you believe.
01:08:09.000 Just keep it out of my science.
01:08:11.000 Don't tell me that 300 years of geology is wrong.
01:08:17.000 Don't tell me that I'm effectively lying to the public.
01:08:20.000 You are lying to the public.
01:08:22.000 Do you know that the Earth is 6,000 years old?
01:08:24.000 Exactly.
01:08:24.000 Exactly, man.
01:08:25.000 They had a recent Gallup poll that was something insane, like 46% of Americans believe that.
01:08:32.000 The Earth is less than 10,000 years old.
01:08:34.000 Yeah.
01:08:35.000 Yeah, 10,000 years or less or something like that.
01:08:36.000 That hurts.
01:08:38.000 Yeah.
01:08:38.000 I mean, that directly flies into my entire way of thought, feeling, and all of that.
01:08:46.000 And yes, I let it.
01:08:47.000 Instead of just like, you know, putting my blinders on and going through, just like do-do-do-do.
01:08:51.000 That's cool.
01:08:52.000 Yeah, but just keep it out of my science.
01:08:55.000 I kind of feel like that's the last crazy gasp of this sort of science denial.
01:09:02.000 I feel like this, what we're experiencing right now, is the last crazy gasp of it.
01:09:08.000 We're in this incredible age of information, but I believe that even what we're experiencing right now will pale in comparison To the access to data that we'll have in just 20 or 30 years.
01:09:20.000 That it'll be something symbiotic.
01:09:22.000 Some chip or something you have in your brain.
01:09:24.000 Or wetware.
01:09:25.000 It'll almost be impossible to deny.
01:09:25.000 Yeah.
01:09:27.000 Because we kind of have a symbiotic connection with technology.
01:09:32.000 I mean, you essentially...
01:09:33.000 Everyone feels lost without their phone.
01:09:34.000 You put on glasses.
01:09:36.000 It's technology that's allowing you to see when you really can't see that good.
01:09:36.000 What is glasses?
01:09:40.000 There's going to be something that's going to be better than glasses.
01:09:42.000 We do that.
01:09:43.000 It's called contact lenses.
01:09:44.000 Okay, now it's on my eyeball.
01:09:45.000 Well, we can actually imprint something in your eyeball, and it's permanent, and you never have to worry about it breaking, and it's a simple procedure.
01:09:53.000 Okay, we'll do it. 0.72
01:09:54.000 Okay, your memory sucks, so what we're going to do is we're going to give you a chip. 0.98
01:09:57.000 And we're going to... 0.99
01:09:57.000 All your memories will now be stored on your chip. 0.99
01:09:59.000 You'll be able to plug in and send them to your friends.
01:10:03.000 No, no, no.
01:10:03.000 Is it painful?
01:10:04.000 You don't feel a thing.
01:10:05.000 Okay, we'll do that.
01:10:06.000 And then, boom, boom, boom, boom.
01:10:07.000 And it's going to get to a point where...
01:10:09.000 The Earth is 6,000 years old. 0.99
01:10:10.000 No, it's not, fuckface. 0.99
01:10:12.000 Yeah. 1.00
01:10:12.000 Come here. 1.00
01:10:12.000 Come over here. 1.00
01:10:13.000 Boom.
01:10:14.000 I'm going to show you the actual evolution of the Earth itself.
01:10:17.000 You'll be able to see in the next 10 minutes how we've proven that...
01:10:21.000 I think it's the last gasp of the science denialism that we see right now.
01:10:27.000 I think it's the last gasp.
01:10:28.000 I kind of hope so.
01:10:30.000 I think within a hundred years it's going to be over.
01:10:32.000 That would be rad.
01:10:34.000 That would be really rad.
01:10:35.000 It seems like it has to be.
01:10:37.000 No, it doesn't seem like it has to be.
01:10:39.000 It needs to be.
01:10:40.000 Yeah.
01:10:40.000 It needs to be because that's what's holding us back as a species is...
01:10:46.000 It's like personal beliefs.
01:10:47.000 I just read this fantastic article on the difference between belief, where somebody says, I believe the Earth is 4.5 billion years old, or I believe it's 6,000 years old.
01:10:59.000 One is, I believe factually that the Earth is 4.5 billion.
01:11:04.000 It's like, I believe I have faith in it.
01:11:07.000 We need to figure out how to keep those both within the public thought, both within the idea that it's perfectly okay to have these sorts of beliefs, but science doesn't impact religion.
01:11:22.000 We are not out to kill God or anything like that.
01:11:26.000 We're just out to ask questions. 0.97
01:11:27.000 Boy, the way you said that, it makes me think you want to kill God. 0.97
01:11:30.000 I don't care. 0.91
01:11:30.000 No, I don't. 0.91
01:11:31.000 I don't care.
01:11:33.000 It's completely irrelevant.
01:11:34.000 You cannot disprove an unprovable.
01:11:38.000 Why?
01:11:38.000 Why waste the time?
01:11:40.000 Well, it's just, folks, I think the existential angst that comes along with being a human being is very difficult to manage.
01:11:47.000 And there's a lot of people that look for all sorts of tools and vehicles for distributing their Just the anxiety of being alive.
01:11:59.000 Right.
01:11:59.000 And they take comfort in some strange things.
01:12:02.000 Like, I've had these conversations with people before where they defend religion by the fact that it gives people comfort and like, okay, that's all well and good, man.
01:12:11.000 But, you know, well, think about how many great people have been Christian and great people have believed in religion.
01:12:16.000 That's all well and good.
01:12:17.000 That's fine, yeah.
01:12:17.000 But it doesn't mean anything.
01:12:19.000 Yeah.
01:12:21.000 What we can measure, what we can prove, what we can show, what we've learned, if that is in any way impacted by these people who believe things, if it's hindered, retarded, slowed down, diverted in any way, then those belief systems are fucking dangerous because they're confusing and they get in the way of our understanding of As much as we know now, 0.97
01:12:46.000 we know an incredible amount.
01:12:47.000 It's still an unbelievably limited amount of information we have in comparison to what's actually out there for us to discover.
01:12:55.000 And we have just an immeasurable amount of competing data, too, which is kind of the problem.
01:13:06.000 Having competing data is fine.
01:13:08.000 Having data that is completely thrown together with confirmation bias...
01:13:13.000 And, oh no, it has to be this because I don't like that.
01:13:16.000 Just let the method do its job.
01:13:19.000 Science is a tool.
01:13:22.000 When you break a hammer, you bitch at the tool, but it's your fault that you didn't see the crack or anything like that in it. 1.00
01:13:29.000 Science is the tool.
01:13:30.000 Use the tool the way it's supposed to be used.
01:13:33.000 Let it test things.
01:13:34.000 Let it do that.
01:13:36.000 It doesn't have any malice.
01:13:38.000 The nice thing is, you know what?
01:13:40.000 If you're wrong, that's rad. 0.95
01:13:42.000 Because if you're wrong, that means you can come up with a whole new idea of cool shit to do.
01:13:47.000 You found some new stuff. 0.87
01:13:48.000 Yeah.
01:13:50.000 Having a negative is a positive.
01:13:52.000 Having a negative result means that it's something else, which is cool.
01:13:56.000 It's an unanswered question.
01:13:58.000 If you answer the question, cool.
01:14:00.000 Refine it.
01:14:00.000 Make it better.
01:14:03.000 Again, personal beliefs are... 0.98
01:14:05.000 Fucking rad, man. 0.94
01:14:06.000 If it makes you a better person and it's another tool in your basket to use, whether it's digging up a mammoth or finding the cure for cancer, by all means, please use it. 0.99
01:14:17.000 Just don't bring it into science.
01:14:19.000 Don't have confirmation bias.
01:14:20.000 Don't do, you know, oh, we can't believe that because the earth is only 6,000 years old.
01:14:28.000 We're good to go.
01:14:47.000 Yeah, those are two really easy things to be.
01:14:49.000 Yeah.
01:14:49.000 Oh, I'm always negative, oddly enough.
01:14:51.000 Are you?
01:14:51.000 Yeah.
01:14:52.000 Well, the Twitter rants.
01:14:54.000 Thousand tweets in a day.
01:14:55.000 Yeah.
01:14:55.000 I don't want to go outside, dude.
01:14:56.000 Yeah.
01:14:57.000 But I'm usually outside.
01:14:58.000 That's the thing.
01:15:00.000 That's true, right?
01:15:01.000 I'm waiting for the excavator.
01:15:01.000 It's slow.
01:15:01.000 I work.
01:15:03.000 It blew a hydraulic line, and I'm just like, doo-doo-doo-doo. 1.00
01:15:05.000 You motherfucker. 1.00
01:15:05.000 Oh. 1.00
01:15:07.000 And then you just go off on a...
01:15:08.000 Yeah, and then I make my point, and then they come back.
01:15:11.000 I'm like, no, you're not getting it.
01:15:12.000 And then I make my point again, and then they come back.
01:15:14.000 I'm like, no, you're still not getting it.
01:15:15.000 Here's a 43-page PDF on 55 million years of horse evolution.
01:15:19.000 Oh, it's all the same kind.
01:15:21.000 Do you think that you're being trolled ever?
01:15:25.000 Do you think people recognize that you do this?
01:15:27.000 Well, kind of, because I follow a few accounts that actually purposely retweet them. 1.00
01:15:34.000 They retweet the stupid. 1.00
01:15:36.000 On purpose. 1.00
01:15:36.000 On purpose. 1.00
01:15:37.000 Just to start.
01:15:38.000 Yeah, if man came from monkeys, why are there still monkeys?
01:15:41.000 That's my thing.
01:15:42.000 That's what I always tell people.
01:15:43.000 Because we didn't come from monkeys, man.
01:15:45.000 Bro, you don't even know.
01:15:47.000 Right, right.
01:15:48.000 Okay, now, you see, if...
01:15:52.000 Yeah, it's like, take that Darwin.
01:15:55.000 That's all he does, and he gets into debates.
01:15:55.000 Retweets that question.
01:15:57.000 And it's like, that's okay.
01:15:59.000 I'll follow that.
01:16:00.000 Someone says, take that Darwin?
01:16:02.000 No, that's the account.
01:16:03.000 Take that Darwin.
01:16:04.000 Oh, that's funny.
01:16:05.000 I need to check that out.
01:16:06.000 And then there's also like, theory fail.
01:16:08.000 Theory fail?
01:16:09.000 Yeah, when people say evolution is fake because it's just a theory.
01:16:12.000 Oh, that's great.
01:16:13.000 It's like theory is the biggest thing ever in science.
01:16:17.000 I've actually heard intelligent people who are educated biologists being referred to as non-Darwinists or they believe in a non-Darwinian form of evolution.
01:16:29.000 What other potential forms of evolution are there or are hypothesized?
01:16:35.000 What's the error that people believe?
01:16:39.000 That I'm not that sure on, to be honest.
01:16:42.000 I've never heard that.
01:16:44.000 A neo-Darwinist or a non-Darwinian?
01:16:48.000 I've never heard that.
01:16:50.000 Really? 1.00
01:16:51.000 Maybe I'm just hanging out with idiots. 1.00
01:16:55.000 Non-Darwinian evolution. 1.00
01:16:58.000 I'll Google it.
01:17:01.000 Yeah, it's scholarly articles for non-Darwinian evolution.
01:17:06.000 Wow.
01:17:06.000 Oh, wow.
01:17:09.000 Scientific paper written by Jack Lester King, Thomas H. Dukes, published in 1969. It's credited along with Motu Kimura's 1968 paper, Evolutionary Rate at the Molecular Level.
01:17:25.000 Proposing what became known as the Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution.
01:17:29.000 Paper brings together a wide variety of evidence ranging from protein sequence comparisons to studies of the Treffer's mutator gene in E. coli.
01:17:38.000 Treffer's mutator gene?
01:17:39.000 Cool.
01:17:41.000 Two F's.
01:17:41.000 Treffer's.
01:17:44.000 Analysis of the genetic blah, [...
01:17:46.000 Can you tweet me that link so I can check that later?
01:17:49.000 Yeah, sure.
01:17:49.000 Definitely.
01:17:50.000 After all these other interviews that I'm doing today?
01:17:51.000 Yeah.
01:17:52.000 Oh man.
01:17:53.000 Who else are you doing today?
01:17:54.000 Um, Mary Lou Henner.
01:17:57.000 Mary Lou Henner.
01:17:58.000 Yeah.
01:17:58.000 Is she like a gymnast or something?
01:18:00.000 No, the actress.
01:18:02.000 She was on Taxi.
01:18:03.000 Oh, Mary Lou Henner. 0.82
01:18:04.000 Oh, the red-headed lady. 1.00
01:18:04.000 Yeah. 1.00
01:18:06.000 Yeah, yeah.
01:18:07.000 And it's really cool.
01:18:09.000 Yeah, she has a... 1.00
01:18:10.000 She's supposed to be a genius. 1.00
01:18:11.000 She has a photograph, like a bizarre, amazing, awesome photographic memory.
01:18:16.000 Well, she can remember the very day, the time, like 1979. Yeah.
01:18:22.000 I was, you know, in my living room.
01:18:24.000 It was 12 p.m.
01:18:25.000 and this happened and...
01:18:27.000 Yeah, and weirdly in this big grand synthesis of the world, she filmed a movie in my girlfriend's old home in Toronto, like in 94, and has a signed headshot.
01:18:42.000 My girlfriend has a signed headshot from Mary Lou Henner.
01:18:46.000 Yeah, and I'm going to ask her.
01:18:46.000 Wow.
01:18:47.000 I'm going to be like, hey, do you remember this house in Toronto?
01:18:50.000 I bet she does.
01:18:51.000 And she'll probably be like, oh yeah, and it was near a thing with that, and the wallpaper was this color, which was kind of like a crew.
01:18:58.000 It's just like, whoa.
01:19:00.000 She's a very rare example of that, right?
01:19:02.000 Yeah, extremely, extremely.
01:19:04.000 I actually think I gotta be bugging off to get to that.
01:19:06.000 Where is it?
01:19:07.000 Does she have a podcast or something?
01:19:09.000 It's syndicated radio.
01:19:11.000 Mary Lou Henner is a syndicated radio show. 1.00
01:19:13.000 Yeah.
01:19:13.000 That's amazing.
01:19:14.000 What's the subjects about?
01:19:15.000 Anything she wants.
01:19:17.000 No kidding.
01:19:17.000 How come I don't know about this?
01:19:18.000 It's Mary Lou.
01:19:20.000 Yeah, on Twitter it's at Mary Lou Show.
01:19:22.000 Well, I saw her interviewed once and I was like, wow, she's surprisingly intelligent.
01:19:26.000 Yeah.
01:19:27.000 And that whole photographic memory thing.
01:19:30.000 Right.
01:19:30.000 That's a bummer if you date her, though.
01:19:33.000 You know, you can't say, you didn't say that. 1.00
01:19:35.000 Oh, fuck yes I did. 0.99
01:19:37.000 Yeah, the relative humidity was 83% and it was, oh crap. 0.99
01:19:43.000 Okay man, well listen, thank you very much for coming on here.
01:19:47.000 If you've got to go see Mary Lowe, I totally understand.
01:19:49.000 Right on.
01:19:50.000 This is amazing.
01:19:51.000 Tattoos and Bones on Twitter.
01:19:53.000 You can follow him on Twitter.
01:19:55.000 And this Sunday?
01:19:56.000 Yeah, this Sunday.
01:19:57.000 What time?
01:19:58.000 8pm on the National Geographic channel, Mammoth Unearthed.
01:20:02.000 Listen, dude, I'm so happy there's people like you out there doing that.
01:20:04.000 It's so cool to be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor and just take in this information, knowledge, and I'm looking forward to your show.
01:20:14.000 Thanks, man.
01:20:15.000 Check out museums.
01:20:16.000 Get out there.
01:20:16.000 Anyone can do my job, to be honest.
01:20:19.000 No, that's not true.
01:20:20.000 Yeah, it is.
01:20:20.000 You have to be into it.
01:20:21.000 No, I'll take you out camping.
01:20:23.000 We'll find fossils.
01:20:23.000 It'll be fun.
01:20:24.000 Oh, I know how that works.
01:20:25.000 No, not like that.
01:20:26.000 Oh, man.
01:20:27.000 Yeah, with Ray Comfort's banana.
01:20:29.000 There we go.
01:20:30.000 Trevor Valle, ladies and gentlemen.
01:20:31.000 That's how you say it if you want to be cool.
01:20:33.000 Thank you, brother.
01:20:34.000 I really appreciate it.
01:20:34.000 It was awesome.
01:20:35.000 It was amazing.