00:16:37.160Bringing the best professors together, making
00:16:38.960sure they're not censored in any way, giving them the
00:16:40.920audience and the remuneration and appreciation they deserve.
00:16:43.240And you were true to your word. You gave me absolute
00:16:45.120intellectual autonomy. I have had it through every course. We figure we can offer people a
00:16:49.700high-quality university-level education for under $2,000. Well, congratulations, Jordan. It's
00:16:55.060honestly brilliant. Can't wait to enroll myself. I'll be doing that straight after this. Fun, Joe.
00:17:10.640If you're a great storyteller, what you do is...
00:17:15.120So you watch a lot of different people act in a lot of different situations, and you start to extract out regularities of action and attention.
00:17:30.520And so if you go see an action-adventure movie, like a James Bond movie, let's say, what you get is a distillation of romantic adventure, right?
00:17:40.420Everything that isn't romantic or adventurous is edited out.
00:17:43.420and you might say well that's unrealistic it's like well not exactly it's not exactly unrealistic
00:17:49.060it's more like hyper realistic it's like the the writer and the filmmaker decided to watch a
00:17:56.600thousand people and pull out the most exciting elements of their life the most exciting and
00:18:00.700romantic elements of their life you might say and then amalgamate all those into something that's
00:18:05.280super romantic and super exciting to get to the core of what constitutes romantic adventure itself
00:18:10.960and then you're pretty interested in that you'll go you'll go watch that movie partly to be
00:18:15.700entertained but also partly maybe to live the life you haven't lived that's a good way of
00:18:21.440thinking about it but also maybe to get to the core of what constitutes a romantic adventure
00:18:25.840to learn and so it's a distillation now
00:18:29.640here's a question for you is an abstraction more or less real than the thing that it's abstracted
00:18:37.640from right because if you make this fact fiction separation you say fiction is falsehood it's not
00:18:45.220true it never happened you you're you're left with a problem that you could make the same
00:18:52.480criticism of abstraction per se like we abstract out numbers for example from from a multitude of
00:18:59.220different amalgamations to fruit to cars to people what what's common across them is two
00:19:09.340and you might say well that's less real two has a number is less real than the things it
00:19:14.080represents but i would say well why are you so sure about that because if you can manipulate
00:19:18.700the abstractions you're more powerful than you are if you manipulate the actual things
00:19:24.580the abstractions in some ways you could make a case that the abstractions are more real
00:19:28.720you could make a case that they're hyper real words are abstractions and yet they have motive
00:19:34.960force in the world what's what's the reason what's the possible rationale for presuming that an
00:19:41.120abstraction isn't real well a great story is an abstraction a story about a great man is an
00:19:47.060abstraction about what it is about men that make them great and a story about the greatest of all
00:19:52.600possible men would be the ultimate abstraction of greatness itself and why how is that not real
00:19:58.880you might say well it's not about anybody in particular well it might depend on how great
00:20:03.500the man was right how well that man played out that pattern it could be about someone in particular
00:20:09.240could be about a genuinely great man who acts out or embodies or incarnates the pattern of greatness
00:20:15.260as such say it's about you too insofar as there have been there have been times in your life where
00:20:21.300you made that pattern manifest we understand these things because we understand for example
00:20:26.160if we're men that we can be fathers and being a father is to participate in a pattern and we know
00:20:31.180perfectly well that we can be better or worse fathers and we generally even know if we are
00:20:36.180being better or worse fathers and so we understand that the abstraction represents a mode of being
00:20:42.020and it's something that we can participate and should participate in and don't participate in
00:20:46.900well to our great loss and also the loss of our children we can abstract out stories and great
00:20:52.980storytellers abstract out great stories and the greatest stories we abstract out are myths
00:20:58.840they're religious stories and they're hyper true they're not true like ordinary truth is
00:21:05.680true they're they're true in the way in a way that reveals to you what truth itself is
00:21:11.280that's a strange way of thinking about things well here here's a here's a hypothesis
00:21:21.900i think it's true i think the scientific data suggests this by the way i mentioned at the
00:21:28.000beginning of this lecture that in order to even perceive you have to prioritize right
00:21:32.980to prioritize means to value so if i if you're out on first date with a with a woman that
00:21:39.180and you want the date to go well and you're in a busy restaurant there's 50 conversations going
00:21:44.240around you and you could attend to any of them but you don't you you you you you eliminate from
00:21:51.800consciousness all the con all the conversations you could be attending to even the one that you
00:21:57.460could be having with yourself in your own mind you ignore that and you prioritize what it is
00:22:03.340that she's saying and how she's acting and you elevate that above everything else right and you
00:22:08.280do that because you're for well god only knows what your reason is but you know it could be
00:22:13.840you're going to have a reason right and it could be the reason you're all thinking of
00:22:19.360or it could be or it could be a higher order reason because maybe you're a serious person
00:22:25.540and you're looking for a long-term relationship and the way that you're going to structure your
00:22:29.660attention while you are listening is going to reflect that aim and she's going to be watching
00:22:35.380you like a hawk also depending on what it is she's aiming at to see just exactly how it is that
00:22:41.120you're directing your attention moment to moment in that interaction right and if you both are out
00:22:47.260for nothing but a night of fun well the conversation is going to go one way and if you're actually
00:22:51.200looking for someone to share the rest of your life with and you think the possibility is there
00:22:56.180in that moment then you're going to interact and attend and focus your attention and prioritize in
00:23:01.440a completely different way and all of that is going to be dependent on what it is that you're
00:23:06.320aiming for and that aim is actually going to structure the way that that person makes themselves
00:23:11.120manifest to you and that's something to know too because one of the things you could hypothesize
00:23:17.860this is a terrifying notion is that people make themselves real to you in direct relationship to
00:23:25.200your aim and i think it's worse than that i think that the world does that now we kind of know this
00:23:32.420even as scientists of perception because your senses are actually navigation equipment right
00:23:38.860the reason you have senses is so that you could move from one place to another successfully and
00:23:44.160so when you and when you're moving from one place to another you have an aim the aim is to get to
00:23:49.880the next place right to get to the promised land archetypally to get to the best place possible
00:23:55.760in in in the short variations of that or over the long run right and when you make that aim then
00:24:01.680the world lays itself out for you this is how your perceptual systems work as a pathway to that end
00:24:07.560accompanied by obstacles that make you that produce negative emotion and facilitators or
00:24:14.800tools affordances that produce positive emotion so the facts of the world make themselves manifest
00:24:22.720to you in relationship to your aim and the emotional valence of things is determined by
00:24:29.380the relationship between those facts and where it is that you're headed and so that's an amazing
00:24:35.260thing to know because one of the things that suggests is that if if the world keeps kicking
00:24:40.220you in the face it's possible that your aim is wrong and so one of the well it's either that or
00:24:47.140god made an arbitrary world that's designed to torture you right and that is the story of cain
00:24:52.460and abel because that's cain's conclusion right and so we'll delve into that and so that's an
00:24:59.740exciting possibility and then another hypothesis that you might derive from that set of notions is
00:25:06.600that the aim that would reveal the beauty of the world,
00:25:13.520the beauty and the significance of the world to you in the highest degree,
00:25:17.780that aim, there's no difference between that aim and aiming at God.
00:25:23.380So you can imagine that you could organize your perception so that the best of
00:25:27.940all possible worlds could make itself manifest to you, right?
00:25:31.700Hypothetically, imagine that was hypothetically the case.
00:25:33.960and that a certain aim would have to go along with that well i can give you an example of that so
00:25:40.260one of the insistences in the gospel text is that you should treat other people
00:25:46.540as you would like to be treated it's actually quite a complex moral directive because it doesn't
00:25:52.080mean be nice to other people because you know perfectly well sometimes nice isn't what you need
00:25:57.720you need a slap on the side of the head you know you need to run into the obstacle you deserve to
00:26:02.660run into you know perfectly well if you have children and you love them that just doing what0.90
00:26:08.400makes them happy right now is not the right thing to do you you want to take your son or your
00:26:13.480daughter and you want to think i want this person to thrive in the world and their behavior at the
00:26:18.500moment is not in accordance with that aim and they need a certain degree of correction and if
00:26:23.560i was that child and someone who loved me was interacting with me they would stop me if i was
00:26:29.320eric right so treating people as you would like to be treated doesn't imply that you should go
00:26:36.160out of your way never to make them uncomfortable emotionally it means you should put yourself in
00:26:40.800that in their position you should assume that what you're trying to do is to help them live in the
00:26:49.020world in a manner that reveals the beauty and the significance of the world to them and then you
00:26:54.120should decide how it is that you would interact with them so that that was possible so that the
00:26:59.140became increasingly possible and then you might say well imagine you did that to everyone you came
00:27:05.020in contact with there's immense emphasis for example in the old testament on hospitality
00:27:09.780it's a sacred duty hospitality well you invite people to your house and you're you you're
00:27:16.880generous and you you're productive so your house is well apportioned and you're generous and you
00:27:22.660share everything you have and you do that wholeheartedly and in a genuinely generous
00:27:26.900spirit well imagine that you're hospitable in everything you do which is the same thing it's
00:27:31.620an earlier version of treating other people like you would want to be treated imagine you do that
00:27:35.580with everyone you meet all the time with every word and gesture well then you might say well
00:27:40.440what's going to be the consequence to you well you know now and then someone's going to take
00:27:45.820advantage of you but i would say to their own detriment it's not a reasonable way of reacting
00:27:52.360to someone who's being productive and generous people who do that their reputation suffers very
00:27:59.000very rapidly everyone understands and notices no one wants them around no one wants to cooperate
00:28:05.140with them or trade with them or and it's impossible to build a productive relationship but
00:28:09.900if you're the sort of so now and then you know you may encounter someone who's going to play a
00:28:14.540short-term manipulative game with you if you are productive and generous but by and large especially
00:28:20.580if you're good at doing it especially say when people are suffering or lost and you can offer
00:28:25.320them a hand and it's genuine they're going to remember that and there's a lot of people in the
00:28:29.920world that aren't you like eight billion of them and you're going to interact with at least a
00:28:35.280thousand of them in some real detail in your life you could store up goodwill in their hearts
00:28:41.060you know and then what would happen if a thousand people are happy with you
00:28:46.200what's your life going to be like especially if you went out of your way you know and most people
00:28:51.760this is god's honest truth it's we know this we know this scientifically it as well as practically
00:28:58.860almost everyone who's vaguely sane has a ledger you know if someone does a favor for you
00:29:07.000there's part of you that thinks you know some reciprocation is in order right that's the basis
00:29:13.860of the turnabout that makes fair play it's the definition of fair play it's certainly something
00:29:19.100you want in a marriage is that you know i mean not like you're exactly keeping track because that's
00:29:24.060petty but but there is an expectation that that kindness should be met with kindness and and and
00:29:31.620vice versa no and so and then you could imagine so that if you were productive and generous even
00:29:37.300to a fault not not that you should allow yourself to be taken advantage of that's not what i mean
00:29:42.500But if you're productive and generous to a fault and you made that manifest to a thousand people, the probability that that would return to you in spades is exceptionally high.
00:29:54.400Now, so the reason I'm telling you that is because, for example, that's one of the injunctions in the Sermon on the Mount, that you should aim high and then you should treat other people like you would want to be treated.
00:30:05.280well why well because that's the aim that will best reveal the pathway the golden pathway forward
00:30:12.160to you it's absolutely the most practical possible it's interesting advice because it's practical as
00:30:18.420hell but it's also deep it's theologically sound it essentially means that if you aim up and you
00:30:25.620act generously and productively and you're wholehearted about that that the that jacob's
00:30:31.480ladder makes its appearance right and you can start ascending the what would you say the the
00:30:36.820endless spiral upward to the place that gets better and better right and that's an that's a
00:30:44.020game that improves as you play it that's a good definition of the kingdom of heaven now it's
00:30:49.100certainly something that characterizes a very deep friendship for example because a friendship can
00:30:53.020become if it's if it's well played let's say or marriage can become better and better across time
00:30:59.460richer and deeper across time and so so one of the things you see in the biblical corpus is that
00:31:06.220there's a characterization of whatever god is as the thing that should be put in the place of
00:31:14.620highest value right it's something that you establish a relationship in with in some ways
00:31:20.040and you see this in the story of cain and abel and so we'll talk about that story directly now
00:31:27.540i'll give you a little setup to the story because you need to know what happened up to this point
00:31:32.560now cain and abel are actually the first two human beings right because adam and eve they're made by
00:31:39.600god and so they're not born they're not ordinary people they're born in paradise they're the
00:31:44.960eternal primordial ancestors cain and abel they're they're born in profane history right so from the
00:31:53.520perspective of the biblical narrative history begins with the fall of Adam and Eve and it means
00:31:59.300something like it means a lot of things but it means something like the dawn of self-consciousness
00:32:04.420among human beings it means many things but that's one of the things it means
00:32:08.360self-conscious human beings realize that there's a future that's part of being self-conscious
00:32:14.280you're self-conscious and you know yourself as a bounded entity in time you know your borders and
00:32:19.720you're and you know what you are and what you aren't but you also know i mean you know yourself
00:32:25.040in place sorry in space you know your borders your bodily borders and you know yourself in time you
00:32:32.180know that you were born at some point and that you're going to age and there'll be a time when
00:32:36.660you aren't and so we're human beings are conscious as no other animal is of the entirety of our span
00:32:43.220of life and there's a tragedy that goes along with that because being self-conscious in that
00:32:49.240manner means that we're aware of our own finitude and our mortality in a way that other animals
00:32:53.620aren't we're aware of our own vulnerability you know like zebras are perfectly happy grazing
00:32:59.040where there's lions if the lions are asleep well it's not very bright on the lion the zebras should
00:33:05.720be getting together and thinking why don't we just go stomp those lions while they're sleeping and
00:33:10.220and there won't be any problem with lions in the futures but the zebras think to the degree they
00:33:14.740think sleeping lions they're no problem they don't think about the future lions right those
00:33:20.660are completely different creatures but not us like no matter how calm you are in the present
00:33:25.120there's something you have to worry about in the future right and that's because you're conscious
00:33:29.380of the future you're conscious of your extension across time that's part of what makes you
00:33:34.460self-conscious and adam and eve well there's in in the story of adam and eve they become
00:33:39.680self-conscious they know they're naked they the scales fall from their eyes they become aware of
00:33:44.700themselves and the consequence of that there are many but one of the consequences is they have to
00:33:50.360work now this is an unbelievably profound
00:33:54.660realization and and characterization what does work mean well let's say we could distinguish it
00:34:07.440from play play play might have a productive end but it's enjoyable right now right if you're
00:34:14.560playing you're not exactly sacrificing anything right if you're playing if you're enjoying yourself
00:34:18.780you're doing what you want in the moment well what's the opposite of play work or more accurately
00:34:27.680the work you have to do well why do you have to do it why do you work and what is it about human
00:34:33.140beings that makes us work unlike other creatures and the answer to that is well we're aware of the
00:34:41.140future and so what have we learned to do well we've learned to work well what do you do when
00:34:46.260you work you sacrifice the present to the future right that's like the definition of delayed
00:34:52.180gratification if you want to be gratified right now you get what you want right now if you're
00:34:56.760going to work and store and save and toil and labor what you're doing is you're sacrificing
00:35:03.340the pleasures of the moment for your long-term continued security and opportunity or more than
00:35:09.500that more than that because it's not just about you right if you're working you're also working
00:35:14.400for your family you're working for others and so it isn't just your medium to long-term security
00:35:19.820and opportunity it's the medium to long-term security and stability and opportunity of your
00:35:25.360family and those you love and you sacrifice the present to that okay now we've done something
00:35:32.100useful we've drawn a relationship we've established a relationship between work and sacrifice and
00:35:40.400that's useful because once you know that connection you can understand much of what happens especially
00:35:45.680in the most archaic stories in the bible because they're all about sacrifice okay so let's try to
00:35:51.260bring that down to earth you have to sacrifice well why well let's say you just pursued the
00:35:59.140pleasures of the moment well then you sacrifice the future for the present right to do anything
00:36:06.020you give up a multitude of other things that you could be doing right so the human mode of existence
00:36:12.060is sacrificial it's and that's in some ways why work enters the world now god condemns adam and
00:36:19.980to work and that's partly a consequence of their pride they sin and that's why they fall out of
00:36:26.000paradise and one of the things you might ask yourself is if your work is utterly miserable
00:36:30.720how much of that is a consequence of the mistakes in perception that you make and keep on making
00:36:36.080you know i know people have to do difficult things to get by but there isn't exactly
00:36:40.860just because things are difficult doesn't necessarily mean that they're intolerable
00:36:46.240and embittering it might depend on what attitude you bring to bear on the sacrifices that you have
00:36:52.720to make and so another mystery might be once the human race had established the fact that
00:36:59.000work was necessary and work was sacrificial that a question immediately observed emerged which was
00:37:06.260well what what work works best which which is the same thing as saying what sacrifice is most
00:37:12.920pleasing to god it's the same thing what pattern of sacrifice do you have to engage in to maximize
00:37:20.000the return in the future all things considered for you and the people that you love in consequence
00:37:26.600of giving something up or investing now right you have to do that you're going to sacrifice one way
00:37:33.020or another okay we accept that now the question is what pattern of sacrifice is most effective
00:37:40.320the entire biblical corpus is an attempt to answer that question right it's it's a continual
00:37:49.680investigation into the covenantal relationship between the spirit of being itself and humanity
00:37:57.320so how what does that mean well look think about what you're doing when you work
00:38:02.220because the gratification is deferred you don't get what it is that you're working for right now
00:45:21.620And it's reasonable to assume, and maybe it's, it's literally reasonable to assume that there's some concordance between the infinite expanse of the heavens and the spirit of being and becoming itself.
00:45:35.240And to know, and to have that notion that God is akin to that, which dwells in the heaven is not an unreasonable hypothesis.
00:45:44.480And given that God is an aerial being, while smoke is a reasonable way of communicating with them.
00:45:50.580And so God is the spirit that can evaluate the value of your sacrifices as a consequence of the rise of the smoke.0.66
00:45:59.740Now, there's an element of primitivistic thinking in that, but these people weren't stupid.
00:46:09.020There's many of the things we know today that they don't know, just as there are many things they knew that we don't know today.
00:46:15.400but that doesn't mean that what they were doing was without significance or meaning and the notion
00:46:21.920that first of all the notion that you have to offer something of value to take your place
00:46:28.140properly in the world that is a major realization there's no difference between that and maturity
00:46:33.460there's no difference between that and the rise to self-consciousness of the human race there's
00:46:37.740no difference between that and our ability to build culture because our cultures are actually
00:46:43.320a storehouse of value to be drawn on in the future right and so the the fact that our ancestors were
00:46:53.260compelled to act out what constituted the appropriate sacrifice is a testament not to
00:46:58.200their foolishness but to their genius and so well what do they offer well they offer the
00:47:04.660fruits of their work well that is what that's what you offer that's what you offer that's what you
00:47:10.920offer to your wife that's what you offer to yourself in so far as you're a provider that's
00:47:16.560what you offer your children if you're a mother you sacrifice your time to your children right
00:47:23.360you're offering something okay so what should you offer and then also in what spirit should you
00:47:31.580offer it well if you're a child and your mother's affection is doled out begrudgingly how's that
00:47:37.240going to work for you or if you're a husband in a relationship and your wife's affection is doled
00:47:41.500out begrudgingly or vice versa right that's not a gift that's going to
00:47:47.740give back it's a gift that's going to engender a corresponding resentment in all likelihood
00:47:56.420and so there's a there's an idea lurking there and you can you can evaluate this idea for yourself