The King's Hall - Rediscovering The Guilds That Built Christendom： An Interview with Dr. George Grant

00:00:00.000 Hey guys, Brian here with a big announcement from New Christendom Press.

00:00:03.840 Possibly our most important book yet is now available for pre-order.

00:00:08.300 It's called The Longhouse, How Feminism Conquered the West and Made Us All Miserable.

00:00:13.400 And in it, Eric and I take you through the dark history of feminism,

00:00:17.220 what it's done to everything from politics to church life to the economy,

00:00:21.200 and what to do about it.

00:00:23.020 Pre-order it today at newchristendompress.com slash longhouse.

00:00:26.580 And as a thank you for pre-ordering, you'll get 10% off automatically.

00:00:30.900 We'll also be signing the first 1,000 copies, so pick yours up today.

00:00:56.580 response ministries, and our supporters at patreon.com.

00:01:26.580 The illegitimate son of a notary named Piero da Vinci and a peasant woman named Caterina,

00:01:40.420 Leonardo da Vinci was born in Vinci, Italy on April 15th, 1452.

00:01:45.320 His remarkable curiosity and exceptional talent in both art and science were evident from a young age

00:01:52.000 and would ultimately shape his legacy as one of history's most captivating figures.

00:01:57.700 Born in Vinci, Leonardo was apprenticed to the famous Florentine artist, Andrea del Verrocchio, at the age of 14.

00:02:05.260 Leonardo's skill quickly surpassed his teachers,

00:02:08.160 and his ability to combine his art and science became evident during his apprenticeship.

00:02:13.500 While training, he began experimenting with anatomy, perspective, light, and shadow,

00:02:18.800 which laid the foundation for his future masterpieces.

00:02:22.860 Da Vinci relocated to Milan in the late 1480s,

00:02:26.380 securing patronage under the Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza.

00:02:30.700 During this period, he produced works of renown such as The Last Supper,

00:02:35.120 a fresco celebrated for its perspective in the intricate emotions conveyed by its subjects,

00:02:41.000 capturing the moment Christ reveals an impending betrayal.

00:02:44.560 While in Florence, Leonardo created his most acclaimed painting,

00:02:48.800 the Mona Lisa, which would become an iconic Renaissance portrait distinguished by the

00:02:54.320 subject's enigmatic smile and the innovative sfumato technique, which seamlessly blends

00:02:59.860 colors and tones. This approach revolutionized portraiture, emphasizing depth, emotion, and

00:03:06.860 subtlety. The Mona Lisa is shrouded in mystery, making its story as captivating as the artwork

00:03:12.820 itself. This acclaimed painting transcends mere artistry. Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa

00:03:19.100 between 1503 and 1506, though he is believed to have continued working on it for several years

00:03:25.320 after that, possibly until around 1517. The painting depicts a woman with a wry smile,

00:03:31.900 sitting against a surreal background of distant mountains and winding rivers.

00:03:36.360 The identity of the woman in the painting has been the subject of speculation for centuries,

00:03:41.220 But the most widely accepted theory is that she was Lisa Ghirardini, the wife of a wealthy Florentine merchant named Francesco del Giacondo.

00:03:50.960 The name Mona Lisa itself comes from the Italian Mona Lisa, which means Lady Lisa.

00:03:56.520 The work remained in Leonardo's possession until his death in 1519.

00:04:01.160 It was later acquired by King Francis I of France, who hung it in the Palace of Fontainebleau and later the Louvre Museum in Paris.

00:04:08.780 But the painting became truly legendary after a remarkable event in 1911, theft.

00:04:15.980 On August 21st, 1911, the Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre by an Italian named Vincenzo Perugia,

00:04:23.800 who believed the painting should be returned to Italy, thinking it had been taken from his homeland during the Napoleonic Wars.

00:04:31.220 The painting was missing for over two years. Its theft caused an international scandal.

00:04:37.580 The Mona Lisa was eventually recovered in 1913 when Perugia tried to sell it to an art dealer in Florence.

00:04:44.240 Imagine trying to literally sell the Mona Lisa on the black market.

00:04:48.080 Obviously not the brightest guy.

00:04:50.160 The dealer grew suspicious and contacted the authorities.

00:04:53.340 Hey, it seems like somebody's trying to sell the literal Mona Lisa.

00:04:56.360 The painting was returned to the Louvre where it was met with a hero's welcome.

00:05:01.120 The incident only fueled the painting's fame.

00:05:04.080 Now, one has to wonder today why our age seems to produce so few great artists like da Vinci or musicians and authors.

00:05:13.940 What is often missed is that great artists are produced by great civilizations and rich cultures, which was certainly the case for Leonardo. 0.85

00:05:22.980 In fact, da Vinci could not have emerged had it not been for the enlivening influence of Christianity upon the European world.

00:05:31.640 While he lived much later, Leonardo's world was built by centuries of wine-rich Christendom,

00:05:37.940 that and the period many slander today as the Dark Ages, which lasted from the 5th to the 10th centuries.

00:05:44.180 In point of fact, this time after the collapse of the Roman Empire was robustly and distinctly shaped by Christianity.

00:05:52.800 It was a time of light and energy, as new forms of art, literature, and architecture began to take shape.

00:05:59.560 Later, breathtaking cathedrals would be constructed,

00:06:02.860 the same buildings that inspire so much awe and wonder today.

00:06:06.940 Without power tools or computer programming or CAD software,

00:06:11.460 these cathedrals somehow dwarf our strip malls and megachurches today

00:06:15.080 in style, craftsmanship, and their enduring ability to move the human soul.

00:06:20.560 As we discuss in today's episode, which features an interview with Dr. George Grant,

00:06:25.160 the 5th through the 9th centuries were marked by guilds of learning,

00:06:29.720 which, as Dr. Grant says, were the melding of craftsmanship with covenant succession.

00:06:35.180 A student spent an entire lifetime being shaped by a master

00:06:38.520 who helped them become immersed in whatever trade they had taken up.

00:06:42.840 As a result, artists saw themselves as workmen and spent a lifetime honing their craft.

00:06:49.160 None of this could have been possible without the emergence of a Christian education

00:06:53.400 that shaped every facet of life.

00:06:56.040 Da Vinci, for example, knew five languages,

00:06:58.840 studied vastly, and created works of art and science

00:07:02.060 that would still be wildly acclaimed centuries later.

00:07:05.120 A more modern product of Christendom's genius

00:07:07.900 could be found in someone else we discussed in this episode,

00:07:11.080 J.R.R. Tolkien.

00:07:12.660 So join us today in the King's Hall

00:07:14.300 as we discuss the importance of Christendom, guilds,

00:07:17.720 and the heights of artistic and cultural development

00:07:20.420 brought about by a distinctly Christian culture and people.

00:07:24.580 The King's Hall Podcast exists to make self-ruled men who rule well to win the world.

00:07:40.700 Well, gentlemen, welcome to this episode of the King's Hall Podcast.

00:07:44.020 We've got a host of characters that we'll be talking with today,

00:07:48.060 actually just three plus george grant makes four dan public school math burkholder you're here

00:07:55.460 wow i'm not gonna lie i did not follow that at all that was wild that was a roller coaster

00:08:04.160 intro uh brian swalvey um thank you for noticing you know what i appreciate i've been lifting eric

00:08:11.220 i needed that you you did and i'm here for you brian yeah that last set on the bench last night

00:08:15.580 it was pretty hard not gonna lie didn't get the last rep so did you do a 45 pound bar or what was

00:08:21.080 no i've got the ladies bar so it's 35 35 and then what i do is i just i try to lift that completely

00:08:27.080 by itself and you know one set of five that's pretty tough that's actually quite the strain

00:08:32.380 brian speaking of strain uh building a guild is a hard thing it really is and we're going to be

00:08:39.000 talking about that but something you mentioned in the end of the cold open we're talking about

00:08:44.500 the heights of artistic and cultural development i can't help but think of the ninja turtles and

00:08:50.260 one of them leonardo da vinci really leonardo wow uh was a ninja turtle michelangelo was a ninja

00:08:57.460 turtle donatello uh this brings me back to 1990 rafael uh dan so um as you think about this

00:09:06.120 subject matter um i have to ask we're talking about the heights of artistic culture do we say

00:09:12.820 primer or do we say primer because brian got a little snooty on us but no no whoa whoa whoa whoa

00:09:19.040 snooty would be like correcting you on this what i did was say i learned this year that apparently

00:09:25.880 when you're saying a primer on something you're supposed to call it a primer which sounds let's

00:09:30.740 be honest a little gay a primer on social justice a primer on this a primer on that so i think we 0.89

00:09:37.800 agreed that the real ones do two things they leave their truck primer gray so you don't have 0.86

00:09:45.940 to worry about it and you say primer you don't say primer you don't say primer but as you said

00:09:51.100 in the cold open we do say what was it like left want blue i can't remember i just read whatever's

00:09:56.400 put in front of me he'll literally read anything on the teleprompter pronunciations uh i said paris

00:10:01.680 so thank you i mean come on i did you can't the problem is when you when you got a a cold open

00:10:10.660 with like three languages of names and stuff you just have to decide at the beginning if you're

00:10:16.480 going to be like the pedantic guy at taco bell that all of a sudden says i would like a quesadilla

00:10:20.660 or that would be just by the way american ben garrett i would like an extra a tortilla no you

00:10:29.000 just he still tries to order food at el rancho at rancho market he tries to order in at the mexican

00:10:37.360 grocer yes he tries to order in spanish so he'll go in there and try and order in spanish and the

00:10:42.560 guy will look at him and then at the end he'll say i speak english yeah he'll be like yo quiero

00:10:47.440 tres libres to my vida and he'll be like um do you mean you'd like three pounds of ground beef sir

00:10:52.840 he's like yes yes that is what i mean yes um well you just asked if if you knew where the

00:11:00.740 ladies underwear was so you should revisit chat gpt okay uh ben garrett uh our very own uh dan

00:11:08.680 one of the things we will talk about in this show uh that i think is interesting one of the

00:11:13.440 comments that george makes in the interview dr george grant you know big brain brilliant wonderful

00:11:19.080 pastor and scholar. We've referenced a lot of his work. But one of the things he mentions is this

00:11:25.260 idea with the guild and pairing craftsman-level workmanship with covenant succession. So the

00:11:33.120 idea is sort of that somebody like da Vinci, he would have worked for his whole lifetime to learn

00:11:41.860 a trade, but he's studying under somebody who worked his whole lifetime learning similar trades.

00:11:47.420 And so you can understand how you would actually get masters over many centuries.

00:11:55.060 So my question is, as you think about this kind of view of work, first of all, in your vast experience in the business world inside corporate America, this probably reminds you a lot of the level of work that's out there today.

00:12:11.860 I mean, I do have experience in corporate America, Eric.

00:12:16.460 And believe it or not, that has not been my experience.

00:12:20.140 Legacy work?

00:12:20.800 No, no, no.

00:12:22.820 Actually, it's funny you mentioned that because one of the businesses I worked for was actually

00:12:27.640 started by a gentleman after I believe it was Vietnam.

00:12:31.320 He gets back from Vietnam.

00:12:32.980 He starts advertising in gun magazines in like the back.

00:12:37.060 If you've ever looked at old magazines or ads in the back, almost like classifieds.

00:12:41.820 And he built this business from nothing.

00:12:44.880 It was like in his garage.

00:12:46.460 into a $300 million plus a year business, all from a catalog. But the thing is,

00:12:54.620 as a family business that was owned by the family, the family other than him did not

00:12:59.600 involve themselves. They were actually quite not capable of running the business.

00:13:06.860 And so even today, you get many examples of boomer-aged men who have started businesses

00:13:15.660 and they're successful and they're now reaching retirement age. They want out. And there is a

00:13:20.900 glut of businesses that are for sale because they don't have anyone to pass them on to.

00:13:26.240 And so this has been, I mean, this is a generational failure. This isn't unique to

00:13:31.820 our time even. You know, this has been happening for a long time.

00:13:35.620 Yeah. I mean, it makes me think that when you look at the pattern that was typical pre-industrial

00:13:40.600 Revolution. It was a pattern of primarily continuity. So you would have covenant succession

00:13:46.220 of you worshipped your father's God in the church your father worshipped in. You took up your

00:13:52.140 father's trade, which was his father's trade. So there was fundamentally continuity, not just in

00:13:57.800 the thing you did to make a living, but across all of your life. You lived in the town and the

00:14:03.500 place that your family had been for often centuries, at least generations. Unless some

00:14:11.200 big event came, a war or a famine or something that would force you to leave and change,

00:14:16.740 there was continuity. Now we build discontinuity into our cultural practices.

00:14:22.340 You're thinking about that boomer-aged guy that worked hard and started that business, 0.61

00:14:26.200 doing HVAC or doing Windows or software. It could be almost anything.

00:14:31.920 um what was the expectation for his children well he didn't pass on to them the idea and they didn't

00:14:38.440 receive you're gonna learn the family business son you're gonna i'm gonna equip you all my kids

00:14:43.880 you're gonna work whatever part of the business you seem most apt to work in or if not there was

00:14:49.840 also continuity in that old system where if maybe you didn't work exactly in your father's business

00:14:54.740 maybe he's a farmer and you're gonna be a blacksmith but it's probably because there's

00:14:58.860 some family or connection where you're going to send your son for some time to

00:15:03.640 become a,

00:15:05.060 you know what we'd call today an intern,

00:15:06.820 but basically like sweeping the floors and learning the craft from the ground

00:15:10.260 up.

00:15:10.920 We've now built discontinuity in so that that boomer actually probably thought

00:15:16.480 of success for his kids.

00:15:17.740 Like I don't want you to do something dull and dusty and boring,

00:15:21.300 like run my boring HVAC business.

00:15:23.300 I want you to go to college and get a degree in economics and you're going to

00:15:28.860 Because then you could be working in a cubicle.

00:15:31.560 We had the wrong status symbols.

00:15:33.820 Meanwhile, that guy goes out and increasingly as the college inflation makes the degree less and less valuable, but the cultural ideas and norms take a while to catch up.

00:15:44.100 They're actually catching up now.

00:15:45.680 People don't value college degrees the way they did 20 years ago.

00:15:50.860 Instead, it's funny, like the business that he that a lot of these boomers are like, are some we need them to go get college degrees and do this.

00:15:57.140 They're businesses that make hundreds of thousands of dollars a year that could support many households and families and grow and like so it's there's something that's gone wrong in the foundations of our cultural thinking to deracinate us, to uproot us from our place and from that legacy of continuity to where now all of the systems of our culture actually militate against people doing that.

00:16:26.140 They're trying to persuade you not to have continuity.

00:16:29.200 Yeah.

00:16:29.340 And it's one of the questions we posed in the cold open, but the idea that our age doesn't seem to produce great works of art, literature, architecture.

00:16:38.440 Architecture's a really interesting one because you can see it.

00:16:41.680 You know, this has been a longstanding joke on the show, how much we love Dallas strip malls and how beautiful that is to look at.

00:16:48.900 They bring me to tears.

00:16:50.280 Sort of has that Joseph Stalin-esque kind of appeal.

00:16:54.360 yeah the je ne sais quoi that kind of makes you not want to be alive anymore so there's kind of

00:16:59.060 something unique about that any ambition you had slowly leeches out of your soul and then you just

00:17:04.680 go that i guess live or die i don't care live or die i don't care uh but it is interesting uh we'll

00:17:10.820 talk about this in the episode with dr grant but you know cathedrals great works of art uh the

00:17:15.320 amazing thing especially 14th century and later gothic uh buildings and stuff that we still love

00:17:20.340 to look at today. But my question is, is this, do you think we're in this sort of liberal secular

00:17:27.240 order? Do you think liberal secular order is even capable of producing the things that Christendom

00:17:33.620 built? And while you're thinking about that question, I look at it like this. When I was

00:17:40.000 in high school, I remember we actually went to a pretty traditional, more classically

00:17:46.120 conservative-esque uh at high school and so it was more like what we think of like christian

00:17:53.120 classical education they couldn't call themselves christian because they were a charter school at

00:17:56.740 the time um but you know that we read the great books we read homer but i remember getting to the

00:18:02.660 modern period especially and they were like the modern great works and i was like what shall we

00:18:07.440 read and they're like beloved by tony morrison and i remember thinking this is trash the modern

00:18:14.320 age isn't producing and even the great gatsby yeah i hate that book not good it's terrible

00:18:19.220 it's like modern hollywood put to a book you know and saying like wow look how cool this is it's not

00:18:24.820 good um so again back to the question do you think modern secularism can ever produce great works

00:18:31.480 well what the funny thing is all of these things are right there for the recovery we can do these

00:18:38.300 things. But the society is shaping, the society shapes the imagination and the will to what you

00:18:46.140 want to do and whether or not you can do it. Our society has shaped the general will of the

00:18:51.960 populace to think, I can't do great things. And if I try, the government is going to be there at

00:18:58.200 every step attempting to frustrate my plans to build great things. I think about someone like

00:19:02.760 Elon Musk, when he's trying to launch a rocket that's a feat of engineering, a feat of human

00:19:09.500 ingenuity. And the local authorities there are in California or Florida, wherever it is,

00:19:16.620 they're arguing with him for months about whether he's allowed to put water on the launch pad after

00:19:25.340 the launch or at the landing or something to prevent it from burning. And they are requiring

00:19:31.360 months of environmental impact studies for what will happen if we pour water on this concrete pad

00:19:36.640 and and a guy like you just they should pay me to do that study by the way i could do that study

00:19:42.180 we could this is what i think you could take with the technological advance today in in cad and in

00:19:49.920 three-dimensional manufacturing and you could be creating gothic cathedrals carved in marble

00:19:55.580 by brilliant artists who have a 100 or 1000 fold productivity edge over the old master who had to

00:20:04.300 do that by hand. And we could talk about the goodness or not goodness of that, but that's

00:20:08.880 all possible. We could be building columns and Corinthian and composite columns today out of

00:20:14.940 stone and marble and putting them together in ways that honestly, the medievals would have only

00:20:21.760 dreamed of. And they would look around and they would say, they would ask us, with all of these

00:20:26.840 capabilities you have, you built that? It took us 500 years to build this cathedral. You could do

00:20:34.320 it in five years. And you built that? And then they would find the Mormons and they'd be like,

00:20:40.880 why are the Mormons the only ones doing this? The Mormons are building these elaborate temples

00:20:44.720 everywhere. Not good. Don't be Mormon. Friends don't let friends be Mormon. But it's a matter 1.00

00:20:50.600 of will it's a matter of aesthetic it's a matter of vision it's a matter of imagination and those

00:20:57.260 are the things that have been stripped from us because those are the things that grow up out of

00:21:02.480 the deep roots of a people in a place over a long period of time with a shared intergenerational

00:21:07.440 vision for beauty and inheritance and glorification of a place those are the things that have been

00:21:14.340 stolen not our ability to do them yeah that's i think a really good point it's interesting the

00:21:18.720 level of work like if you think about something like da vinci you know again if somebody who

00:21:23.280 trained for under someone who had trained under somebody who trained you think about the skill

00:21:28.400 level of that work uh dan i always think about it uh with particularly things like that we're

00:21:34.240 talking about the the hard skills um like that our fathers passed on but like you look at the

00:21:41.720 older generations and are like my dad can weld my dad can do breaks he can do he can do any of

00:21:47.140 those things in his sleep. I'll ask him about a circuit for the electrical in our home. And he's

00:21:51.500 like, oh, that's real simple. You just got to, I'm like, how do you know this? You're not an

00:21:54.720 electrician. Nah, but it's simple. And they grew up in ages before YouTube. So that was all passed

00:22:01.880 on from other generations. And there's a wealth there. But then if you don't have those, like

00:22:08.180 Brian mentioned, deracination, it seems like it's just the quality of things, the quality of the

00:22:14.300 work and culture just isn't it's going to be pygmy compared to uh that other stuff yeah yeah i mean

00:22:21.120 the as you see with guilds the the generational ability to build on skills especially and

00:22:31.260 knowledge is is going to be a huge benefit i mean this is what we do in education this isn't foreign

00:22:36.040 to us ben i wanted to talk to you about something i'm i'm concerned about you what are you concerned

00:22:43.940 about every time i see you you have more and more indigo sundries products i feel like you're

00:22:50.020 overdoing it dude give me one example dude this is exactly what i'm talking about do you see like

00:22:55.340 where did you even get this from what's the problem with having some soap on hand man we're

00:23:00.060 at work right now there's there's you don't want to smell good at work there's going to be no

00:23:04.920 situation where you need indigo sundry soap at work uh have you ever gotten sweaty in this basement

00:23:09.280 Dude, yes. Every time we're filming, I look at you and I go, he's so handsome.

00:23:15.400 Well, then you're going to need some soap so that you don't smell as bad.

00:23:20.780 Do you see what's happening to you? Like, how are you even?

00:23:24.320 Are there fair? Do you have fairies that give you this? 1.00

00:23:27.260 What are you talking about? 1.00

00:23:29.000 Have you partnered with the Fae?

00:23:30.340 No, I'm a stone cold Christian who likes soap.

00:23:34.560 Dude, I feel like.

00:23:35.500 Wait, is that Calendial?

00:23:37.620 oh not so mad about it now are you they make liquid soap yeah you didn't know that dude i

00:23:43.280 didn't know that well they're obviously i'm not as they're a sponsor of the show you should know

00:23:47.000 that i have duties and responsibilities not all of us can just be indigo sundry maxing all the

00:23:51.520 time okay well since you didn't know that i'm assuming you also didn't know that if you use

00:23:55.880 their subscription plan you'll get 10 off of your 10 off 10 off they're already great prices i'm

00:24:02.660 are you kidding me what do we do when we educate our own students our own children

00:24:13.460 is that we go back to the great works there's continuity there from previous generations one

00:24:18.680 of the things that i suspect uh and i i haven't studied deeply on this one thing i suspect the

00:24:25.060 reason that we've really had architecture, art, and this rise of secular humanism that's really

00:24:33.880 affected every part of our world as far as beauty and aesthetics and knowledge and everything like

00:24:39.540 that. I suspect a lot of it actually has to do with law and with the government. Think about

00:24:46.100 what we've been discovering recently with USAID and what they've been benefiting and who they've

00:24:52.040 been benefiting. And if you look back in time and the commissioning of cathedrals, where did the

00:24:58.320 money come from? It wasn't coming from the stone cutters. They were being paid. Somebody was

00:25:04.500 commissioning them. It was some royalty. It could have been the church who had wealth and power and

00:25:09.800 things like that. But with Da Vinci, he became commissioned by the King of France. Yeah. Yeah.

00:25:15.240 And so go create art. Yeah. Part of that is that you actually at that time, the government itself

00:25:20.640 was benefiting people to actually build great things what is the government especially post

00:25:27.140 world war ii benefiting i mean that's that's really what law does is say this is good and

00:25:32.880 this is bad i'm going to fund this i'm not going to fund this but what have they been funding yeah

00:25:38.080 bureaucratic they've been funding if you look at uh even even like uh we have an air force base

00:25:44.680 uh so you can tell where they put the money we have f-35s you know billion dollars whatever the

00:25:50.880 heck they cost per airplane and it's like twelve thousand dollars a minute to fly one of these

00:25:56.900 things they've got it down to 40 million a pop now oh is that yeah i i don't yeah i don't know

00:26:02.380 the exact cost but it's astronomical they say the f-35 has a lifetime cost of 1.3 trillion

00:26:09.700 wow okay there you go operating if you were to look at the buildings that the air force is

00:26:17.380 actually building on base they are like metal sheds they don't even have drinkable water i

00:26:24.300 lived on hill air force really yeah yeah it's bad 30 87b concord way baby terrible place to live

00:26:31.840 but it is it is funny though when there is a dynamic there that's that's kind of interesting

00:26:37.040 for as far as the government being self-interested because as you drive through small towns in in

00:26:42.760 the midwest uh in the west here and i'm sure it's like this other places you go into some of these

00:26:47.620 small towns that are like unincorporated to like 20 000 people the most beautiful buildings are

00:26:53.080 government buildings yep the courthouse they're the courthouse yeah yeah or something something

00:26:58.100 city hall something like that changed though yeah but something changed to where the government or

00:27:03.180 the legislatures, the rulers were no longer interested in actually funding beautiful things

00:27:10.260 to be made for the benefit of the people. Instead, they're advantaging other things

00:27:16.060 like a massive military or aid for social welfare or whatever they're spending their money on. You

00:27:25.360 can look at the books with Doge. This has been a big thing recently. You can look at the books and

00:27:30.640 see where the money is going. Oh, it's going to like Uganda and Ukraine. And it's not going to

00:27:36.240 our own people to actually commission to build great things. And so if you were a stone cutter

00:27:40.740 or Mason or, or whatever you were in the trades, it was no longer beneficial to do that. And with

00:27:46.720 the rise of the education system, like you, you said, credentialism, university credentialism

00:27:51.900 is a way to escape the mire of this failing trade world. You know, you wanted your, your kids to

00:27:58.540 escape into something that was actually beneficial, financial systems.

The King's Hall - February 14, 2025

Rediscovering The Guilds That Built Christendom： An Interview with Dr. George Grant

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