00:06:54.300My hypothesis is that we have pretended that this is an extremely difficult passage to understand
00:07:00.540to excuse our modern practice of disobeying it because we are embarrassed or offended by it.
00:07:07.980A modern practice of disobedience born, in other words, of feminism, rebellion, and sexual chaos.
00:07:14.920But the central demand of the text, that women wear a head covering over their hair,
00:07:18.600at least in the context of gathered worship, is so plain that it was unanimously practiced
00:07:23.380in virtually every corner of the Christian faith until modern times.
00:07:27.800Tertullian, an early church father born about a century after Paul wrote his letter to the
00:07:32.440Corinthians, wrote a treatise around the year 200 called On the Veiling of Virgins, where he argued
00:07:38.920that unmarried women ought to wear a head covering and not just married women. That was the only real
00:07:43.800debate at his time, not whether or not they should cover their heads at all, but whether virgins
00:07:47.980should as well. He specifically noted that the Christian women in Corinth continued to cover
00:07:52.940their heads to that day, including the unmarried women, the virgins. So apparently they understood
00:07:59.040what Paul meant. Likewise, Clement of Alexandria, John Chrysostom, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas,
00:08:05.380William Tyndale, Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Bunyan, John Gill, John Wesley,
00:08:10.560Charles Spurgeon, H.A. Ironside, A.W. Pink, Martin Lloyd-Jones, and R.C. Sproul all agreed that Paul
00:08:16.580here requires women to wear a covering on their heads at the minimum in gathered worship. Now,
00:08:22.240those names alone, and that's quite a truncated list by the way, bring us from the 2nd century to
00:08:27.060the 21st century. Now, we don't arrive at the truth on the basis of a popular vote. We don't
00:08:32.960determine what the scriptures teach on the basis of popular vote. But my question is simply this,
00:08:38.380are we wiser today in the scriptures than these men? Have we grown wiser in our understanding of
00:08:43.820the text than all of them? Did we discover the secret and hidden key that unlocks the meaning
00:08:49.040of Paul's words in 1 Corinthians 11 that all of them missed? Our answer is no. They were right.
00:08:56.560The moderns were wrong. And so in this episode of the King's Hall podcast, we'll talk about why we
00:09:01.800think head coverings are a biblical practice and why the church should return to them. This episode
00:09:06.840of the King's Hall podcast exists to make self-ruled men who rule well and win the world.
00:09:19.040Well, welcome to this episode of the King's Hall Podcast. I'm one of your hosts, Eric Kahn, joined today by the one, the only, the very focused Brian Sauvé.
00:09:27.600Oh, it's focused. Pastor. Mr. Pastor Brian Sauvé. That's the only thing I actually answer to.
00:09:33.340I mean, you've got a fancy cup here. I've got a fancy cup. We're ready to rock. We're locked in.
00:14:53.140Because it just goes to show that we Christians are giving our money away to people who don't share our values like Jeff Bezos and Amazon.
00:14:59.900Look, I agree, but it's hard for Christian businesses to be found by Bible-believing Christians online.
00:15:05.180Well, I think I just found the solution.
00:15:07.320The Reformed Business Alliance is an online directory created to connect Christian consumers with Christian products and services while boosting businesses' SEO.
00:15:19.160it does and all christian business owners get a free month on the website all you have to do is
00:15:25.220go to reformedbusinessalliance.com slash ncp to claim your free month or 10 off a yearly
00:15:31.600subscription i might start a business just to get on that site we do have a lot of haters brian
00:15:39.180we do and i think that number will go down after this episode yeah i think you're i think you're
00:15:44.520right head coverings is a pretty uncontroversial topic it is kind of interesting as we delve into
00:15:49.140that now uh when i first was introduced to head coverings i was going to a presbyterian church
00:15:53.620and there were one family that had covered and it was my friend anthony shout out anthony he
00:16:02.300listens to the show i like to call him anthony just because you know really because he likes it
00:16:08.700but i saw his family head covering and this is so silly but i was like are you are you guys from
00:16:15.160like the middle east or and he was like no we're from here we're from america and i'm like yeah
00:16:24.120but like where were you born yeah america also america here that was kind of my first introduction
00:16:29.240but i guess for for the person who came out of like big even normie ism which i did yeah um in
00:16:34.780just generic evangelical culture this is it's a culture shock and so like i guess just from the
00:16:41.860beginning, if you would just address that person, like how, how do you typically talk to people in
00:16:45.600a way that you're like, look, just hear me out. Yeah. Hear me out. This is actually a biblical
00:16:49.600thing. It used to be normative. Totally. I usually start when I'm talking to somebody new and say
00:16:55.080like, look, this is not in the top five most important doctrinal issues today. I genuinely
00:17:02.240don't think so. Um, I think there are bigger doctrinal issues that are at stake, but it is
00:17:07.140an important issue because it's important that we obey the Lord's commands when he gives them.
00:17:12.460So usually what I do is just say, hey, this may sound weird to you, but if whether you were
00:17:18.080Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Protestant, and I mean like Lutheran, Presbyterian, Baptist,
00:17:25.440Southern Baptist, like pretty much charismatic, pretty much any Christian on the average,
00:17:32.480way over the average, like the vast majority through history, from the earliest recorded
00:17:36.960history in the early church through the middle of the 20th century, roughly, were head coverings,
00:17:44.260at least in worship. And the East still does it. Correct. And to be clear, the covering,
00:17:49.620I'm not talking about a Muslim hijab that covers the face. We all with unveiled faces beholding
00:17:56.420the glory of the Lord are being transformed from one degree of glory to another into the same
00:17:59.700image. Christians don't cover their faces in worship, men and women. But yeah, women would
00:18:06.500wear a cloth veil or covering over their hair of some sort. And sometimes it looked like a smaller
00:18:13.020bonnet. Sometimes it looked like a hat. Sometimes it looked like a veil that would cover all the
00:18:17.500hair up. But some variation of that was worn in nearly every Christian tradition. Now, there are
00:18:23.300little, there are variations in when some people in lots of Christian areas and cultures and times,
00:18:29.140they would wear them all women would have all the time sometimes it would be a distinguishing
00:18:33.260characteristic that once you got married you started wearing a head covering yeah calvin was
00:18:37.840one who said it's for virgins too but that they had to debate that that was a debate because the
00:18:42.360text it wasn't debated that they wore them though no in the text there's some ambiguity because paul
00:18:47.660uses a word for men and women that can be translated variously man or husband and woman or
00:18:53.760wife. So the ESV that we read, um, it does translate it wife pretty consistently through
00:18:58.780most of the passage. Um, but other translations will just translate it man or woman. So there's
00:19:05.320some variation again, Tertullian around 204, um, wrote and said on the veiling of virgins. And he,
00:19:11.980and he was speaking to this debate about married women only are virgins. He said, well, in Corinth
00:19:15.900there's the virgins veil as well, 150 years later. So it seems like the tradition from Paul was that
00:19:23.100the virgins would veil as well. And the reason for this was as a symbol of authority on their head,
00:19:29.280it relates to the hierarchy of authority from God to Christ in his incarnation, not Christ in his
00:19:36.900deity, but Christ in his incarnation, in his humanity, then the man and then the woman. So
00:19:42.660it's a symbol of authority. It also relates, as we'll see, I think, to the hierarchy. I believe
00:19:48.200the hierarchy of glories present in worship do you agree with calvin you know you read one of
00:19:53.620the quotes which is interesting um where he says there is a sense in which men in general rank
00:20:01.320hierarchically above women um and now we've heard a lot of stuff in our day which is like the only
00:20:08.780man that a woman has to submit to is her own husband but it seems like even the reformers
00:20:13.460we're saying actually there there's more to it at a societal level yeah so a couple distinctions i
00:20:20.200think are important to make one the answer i think is yes there is a sense in which hierarchically or
00:20:26.540in terms of rank um god placed the man or man men over the woman or women generally and i'll
00:20:34.480explain that biblically because it sounds in our day very controversial but then there's another
00:20:39.120sense in which I would say it, we don't translate this into a requirement that all women have a
00:20:46.600duty that is identical to submit to all men in the same way. In the same way they would to their
00:20:51.600husband. No, in the same way they would to their husband. But we see that God made in the passage
00:20:55.480in 1 Corinthians 11, he does say that God made, that the woman was not made, or rather that the
00:21:02.300man was not made for or from the woman, but the woman was made for and from the man. And from
00:21:09.180this distinction, he's talking about hierarchy and submission and glory and things like that.
00:21:14.240And so the woman was made to be a helper, a helper suitable to her husband, but then also
00:21:24.460societally in terms of their ontological nature, in terms of various offices of leadership in the
00:21:30.300world, God appointed that men would take roles of leadership normatively, not women. So this is
00:21:36.120true in the home. The husband is the head of his wife, and she has a duty to obey and submit to
00:21:41.160him. It's true in the church. God only appoints men to teach and hold authority in the church as
00:21:47.900elders and pastors. It's true in the state. God appoints men to rule as civil rulers, and as
00:21:54.100Isaiah 3 teaches. It's a curse, actually, for women to rule over a nation. That's a curse.
00:22:00.600The fact that we see this in America today shows us how far we've come. We're actually
00:22:04.480engaging in self-cursing in that sense. So there are many men that women need to submit to in her
00:22:13.940life, not just her husband, when it comes to those different spheres. And then also just generally
00:22:19.540speaking, um, because of all of that, you see that societally, um, men have a preeminent role
00:22:26.880in terms of the leadership. When you bring all that together, the family, the church, the state
00:22:31.900societally, culturally men, men ought to, and we're designed by God in their nature to
00:22:38.300have a role of leadership of headship societally. So there's some nuance there. I think biblically,
00:22:45.060especially that asterisk that like it wouldn't follow that my wife is shopping at walmart for
00:22:52.940something and some guy comes up to her and says hey shine my shoes is she is she bound by god to
00:22:58.780obey that command no no of course not but the male sheriff and the male judge and the male senator and
00:23:04.800the male pastor there are many men in her life that she has a duty before god to submit to
00:23:09.500um in in different ways and there's probably also a general disposition among women toward
00:23:14.940you know particularly like noblemen in their community and stuff like that
00:23:19.040that you would want to honor one of the things i think that is interesting
00:23:22.720as we get into sort of some of the feminism aspect uh with betty for dan i.e or aka betty
00:23:31.120goldstein um you know it's funny because people were like i'd like to see some sources so i was
00:23:37.660sharing on acts just like the google search bar yeah here it is like literally it's on wikipedia
00:23:43.140there's article after article after article she was an active marxist jewish marxist
00:23:48.320but this was actually one of the linchpins i had been reading the theological arguments
00:23:52.760and one of the linchpins for me was obviously the church history
00:23:57.060but then realizing that this was a central cog in the feminist agenda yeah that actually did
00:24:03.540change my mind quite a bit and say, wait a minute. Oh yeah. When all of it, when you,
00:24:07.480when you go, wait a second. So you're telling me that, and I'm going to give some nuance to this
00:24:11.860in a second, but you're telling me that virtually all Christians until the 20th century had covered
00:24:15.820Christian women. And honestly, until like the fifties and sixties. Yeah. Like the mid 20th
00:24:20.840century and that the driving factor was culture change related to feminism. So then following
00:24:26.960that, all of a sudden you see all of these arguments that are like, oh, well that passage
00:24:32.580is really about, it's about Bacchanalian rights, women putting their hair down. It's about women,
00:24:38.980female prostitutes in Corinth. It was about fill in the blank with some cultural explanation or,
00:24:44.060oh, you know, actually Paul was just meaning the long hair is the covering,
00:24:47.400not that there's no additional covering needed. It's right there in verse 15. All of a sudden we
00:24:51.580come up with all these arguments or, oh, that was just for the exercise of special charismatic gifts
00:24:55.780that have since ceased. And so we no longer need head coverings, you know, like all of a sudden we
00:25:00.200come up with that we come up with arguments to justify a practice the practice of rejecting the
00:25:06.800head covering and that's the direction that it seems to be working that should give you before
00:25:12.580you hear the arguments even from the text that should give you it shouldn't settle it for you
00:25:16.140but it should give you an a priori suspicion of the dismissal of the head covering what is also
00:25:22.960interesting too i i looked this up and you know i i again i use google but i said you know like
00:25:28.900how many of the feminists were jewish marxists and almost everything i read including the mostly
00:25:35.960from like jewish sites they were like at least two-thirds of the people were jewish they were
00:25:43.740largely behind the feminist movement it was highly marxist and that makes sense because even going
00:25:48.920back to frederick engels like one of the chief aims was to destroy households by destroying male
00:25:54.680authority. Yeah. So Engels, one of his first works is on patriarchy. Yeah. And I mean, in this time
00:25:59.860period, you have to remember that we have with Marxism and Marxist-Leninism and Marxism-Leninism
00:26:04.540and communism, this was a time prior to the whole story of the Soviet Union and communist China,
00:26:11.180where there was in the zeitgeist, this brand new, we're doing scientific approach to politics.
00:26:18.700We're going to fix all these problems politically with central planning and central power. It was
00:26:23.800a new utopian political religion that had not yet seen all the evidence that since just you know
00:26:29.060obviously clearly dismantles and disproves this idea um and a lot of this was coming out of eastern
00:26:34.940europe and and particularly jews in eastern europe yeah the bolshevik jews there's a ton of connection
00:26:40.260not all of them were jews but it's important to note that a significant portion of the leadership
00:26:43.760were jews and it's worth stating too i mean you have sigmund freud you have the psychological
00:26:48.760movement uh again jewish marxists yeah that infiltrate in america you've got the frankfurt
00:26:55.520school yeah all these movements that come to america and this is why like abby schreier in
00:27:00.160her book and she's jewish and she's pointing out this problem uh with bad therapy is the book but
00:27:06.300like all the transgenderism it came out of the same world yes fdr's cabinet was full of eastern
00:27:13.040european immigrants who happen to be jews so we should call this this episode something like on
00:27:17.220the jews and head coverings is basically where it's going but culturally that's uh the the the
00:27:23.380soil that grew this movement and the fruit of the movement was cast off your head covering get rid
00:27:29.780of the head covering and i think what's so interesting we'll get into the text in a moment
00:27:33.940but paul is making an argument primarily from creation from nature not from culture yeah he's
00:27:41.640making an argument from God's creation and what we learn about it in special revelation from nature
00:27:48.100in God's creation and what we, what we know about it from natural revelation and from, uh, the,
00:27:53.840the order of worship, propriety in worship and gathered worship and what we know about the angels
00:27:58.100and their relationship to worship. So I think it's interesting given that, that when you have
00:28:02.120rebellion, especially sexual rebellion in the 1960s, um, head coverings have to go obviously
00:28:08.540because they're admitting they're saying this is a sign of submission yeah and and we're
00:28:13.520acknowledging that but then you also get things related to the passage like uh the first thing
00:28:18.840that a woman does when she goes you know lesbian or some sexual degenerate path yeah what does she
00:28:24.040do she gains a bunch of weight she gets fairly fat and then she shaves her head yeah when she
00:28:27.900dies the few remaining straggles some violent shade of neon which is not a mistake like they
00:28:32.880know what they're doing they're revolting against god's nature yeah paul says like he basically says
00:28:38.180judge for yourselves versus 13 onward. Is it right for a woman to pray or prophesy with her
00:28:42.840head uncovered? No. And then he goes in this argument from nature about a woman shaving her
00:28:47.400head and men having shorter hair, women have a longer hair. And people today, like when we come
00:28:53.320to this passage, we go, what is Paul talking about? This is so hard to understand. Some men
00:28:58.000have long hair. Some women have short hair. Like how is this nature? Men and women both grow hair
00:29:03.220on their heads. So how does nature teach us this? And we're pretending like we don't understand what
00:29:07.500he means. We understand what he means. Generally speaking in culture, men have had shorter hair
00:29:12.700than women and women's hair has been considered a glory and a beautiful thing. I've actually read a
00:29:17.460lot on this time period. Um, because I remember getting in trouble on X for the, you know, men
00:29:22.740in long hair and women in short hair, all that. Um, and people are like, well, Jesus had long
00:29:26.660flowing locks. And actually when you do the, the, the history and the research or read through that
00:29:33.220time period more than likely jesus had a short roman style haircut that was the norm that would
00:29:41.220have been the norm it would have been very abnormal for him to have like hair to the middle of his
00:29:46.020back jewish men typically had short hair if they took a nazirite vow which was unusual then they
00:29:51.400would grow their hair until the end of that vow but it was supposed to communicate something is
00:29:56.080out of the ordinary yeah it's abnormal it was a strange thing and the thing is like you pointed
00:30:00.260it out. Feminists get this. They get that if they want to rebel against their sexual nature,
00:30:06.120they should shave the sides of their head, get a dyke haircut, dye it an unnatural color.
00:30:11.320They should do all sorts of things to obscure God's creation, piercings and tattoos and all
00:30:16.300these things. What is that? It's basically saying, I hate God. I hate the way he made me.
00:30:22.440And I am God. I can remake myself in whatever image I want.
00:30:26.360it's interesting too i totally agree even the beehive hairdo like done up that came about as
00:30:32.740a way to put hat companies out of business because most women like it was unthinkable even to go out
00:30:37.580in public without something on your head and so even the development of hairstyles that would
00:30:44.140radically change how women approach society yeah and that's actually one of the one of the aspects
00:30:50.260that people want to say that well brian it wasn't a unilateral tradition about head coverings there
00:30:54.300was all very all this variation i would say yes there was variation in terms of when like in many
00:30:59.020europe christian european nations it would be normal for a a young woman not to wear a head
00:31:03.420covering until she got married and then she would put on a wimple or a head covering and that would
00:31:07.820signify culturally this is a married woman versus an unmarried woman so you have some variation
00:31:12.540yeah most of the time uh in in many many christian traditions and places the women would always have
00:31:17.860a head covering in public they would they would consider it unthinkable to go out without their
00:31:22.620hair covered into public in the public settings you get to the reformation and and actually yes
00:31:27.860there is debate in the reformation you have different like in france for example there was
00:31:32.200um a there were a group that they they rejected the head covering like men would wear coverings
00:31:38.220on their head instead calvin did actually promote the use of head coverings for men even like uh
00:31:45.380in preaching and he would he says something like you know now a man ought to take his hat off for
00:31:51.540like to acknowledge the passage. But then he says something like if his head is cold, like
00:31:55.700and there was no, there was no heat in the church. So like you kind of get it.
00:32:00.580There was at that time, definitely a question amongst a lot of the reformation and the
00:32:06.020Protestant Christians of what is Roman Catholic accretion and what is biblical. And you did,
00:32:13.100I mean, you did have times when, when they would say like, well, the head covering is this or that.
00:32:17.480But even in spite of that, coming out of the Reformation, the Protestant traditions maintained head covering, generally speaking, on down into the 20th century.
00:32:28.220So it's just, there is not a lot that you can point at, or there are many things you could point at where there'd be wide disagreement between Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholics, Baptists, Presbyterians, Lutherans, and Anglicans.
00:32:41.280when you find them all agreeing on something you got to be like i better have pretty good evidence
00:32:47.120to like say that this is an unbiblical tradition or this is just optional why do you think it's so
00:32:52.460offensive particularly to women today the idea of wearing a head covering because the sign still
00:33:00.220works like this is my theory is that people say well we shouldn't women don't need to wear a head
00:33:06.800covering because it was a cultural, it was a cultural expression of a timeless principle
00:33:13.000that men and women are different and the male headship is real. And so at that time, head
00:33:17.520covering represented that it no longer does. So women don't need to wear it. They should just
00:33:22.140look feminine or do something else. Um, and people point to like wedding rings as if wedding
00:33:26.720rings say any of the same things head coverings do, they don't. But I think we, we see in some
00:33:32.960of the hesitation, um, that actually the symbol still works. It's still, people get it when you
00:33:39.180say, especially if you give even five minutes of instruction on the passage and you say,
00:33:43.200ladies, you should wear a head covering as a symbol of authority on your head. And that means
00:33:46.800that it, the, the covering is saying everything under this covering is under the authority
00:33:50.120of the husband of male headship properly expressed in, in the world as God made it.
00:33:55.820People get that. It doesn't take long for them to understand it. And, and a huge number of women,
00:34:01.040including christian women today go absolutely not and then they call it all sorts of names
00:34:06.600it's legalistic which it's not legalistic to obey a command god gave it's actually
00:34:11.500what we're supposed to do it's legalistic that's oppression that's muslim that's muslims don't
00:34:17.100cover their heads for the same reason muslims it's actually the women horribly christians don't
00:34:22.720it's actually almost identical response when we talk about modesty oh yeah same thing exactly and
00:34:28.220it just tells you that, no, this matters because the rebellion that is deeply ingrained in our
00:34:33.480culture in both men and women, but there is a type of rebellion that has been enculturated into women
00:34:38.640against God's design, nature, and law that you immediately see the hatred of it, the rebellion
00:34:46.680against it when you attempt to impose the standard again. All of a sudden, oh, we do get what this
00:34:53.380means and we hate it so i i think i think you're right i think that it does i think that it does
00:35:00.600deeply relate to the feminist indoctrination some of the rejection and the histrionics around it too
00:35:06.280um i've told women before like okay what's the worst that's going to happen let's say that you
00:35:11.980were right and it was a cultural thing what is the worst thing that's going to happen from you
00:35:17.700wearing a head covering you'll look slightly cute a couple hours a week like i don't i don't
00:35:25.560understand what in the act like they're being enslaved like literally enslaved you just wear
00:35:34.240a head covering for like it's what i don't get it is doesn't were you telling me the eastern
00:35:39.920orthodox church like if you come into the church and you don't have one they won't let you in yeah
00:35:45.120but they have them there they'll have them yeah they would not let a woman into the worship
00:35:49.240service without a head covering interesting nor would the roman catholics until the 20th century
00:35:53.940yeah you couldn't you would not be permitted in fact in most churches and protestant churches as
00:35:59.100well it would have been highly irregular for a woman to come in without a head covering of some
00:36:04.980sort now you see this morph in a different expressions like the hat um and even in some
00:36:10.960places like black churches it's still common for women like older black christian women they wear
00:36:15.460still head cover they will wear hats it's kind of morphed into this like you've got a whole fruit
00:36:19.760basket on your head it's probably like a little probably not saying everything the apostle
00:36:23.900intended the whole point is not to have a derby hat you shouldn't have something on your head
00:36:27.960that says like look at me it's that's not the point yeah but you there's a vestigial preservation
00:36:33.380of the tradition even there yeah um as we jump into the text there's a few resources that i think
00:36:39.620are pretty good one is jeremy gardner's book that's pretty easy to read it's accessible yeah
00:36:45.860i'm sure you'd probably recommend that yeah it's it's very straightforward the head covering
00:36:51.300movement website has a lot of resources that you can just download for free like pdfs yeah
00:36:56.220answers a lot of questions it has links to several books leslie mcfall's book there there are several
00:37:03.780books and resources that you could read okay so people can check that out yeah but i guess if you
00:37:08.360would just kind of give me the summary walk me through the text yeah sure so you could um you
00:37:12.440could go listen i did a full sermon it's like almost it was actually the longest sermon i've
00:37:16.140preached in a while um it was three hours it was about 56 minutes or something like that
00:37:21.760um and usually i preach for like 40 to 45 so it's a little bit longer i go through the whole text
00:37:28.220um go through the objections but the text runs from verse 2 to verse 16 and paul begins by
00:37:36.520commending them for remembering the maintaining the traditions or ordinances that he delivered
00:37:40.980to them and these traditions by the way are not man-made they're not just take it or leave it
00:37:46.280that word can be translated as ordinances which is like a ruling custom and it is elsewhere in
00:37:51.560the new testament so he's not saying like these are just some traditions like you play football
00:37:56.140on thursday on thanksgiving with your family if you want to play football on thanksgiving that's
00:38:00.200great. These are things that were handed down apostolically for the church to practice. They
00:38:06.480are preserved for us in the scriptures of the New Testament, in the apostolic letters
00:38:10.600and writings. Paul then goes into a section from verse three onward, where he explains this
00:38:18.860hierarchy of headship between, from God to Christ and Christ submitting to God in terms of his
00:38:26.460incarnation. So not introducing submission and authority into the, the, the essence of the deity,
00:38:33.300but of, um, male, I'm sorry, of his Christ in his incarnation. Calvin has a great section in his
00:38:39.740commentary on that as well. Um, but the head of a woman is, uh, the head of a wife, the ESV
00:38:45.580translated is her husband and the head of Christ is God. So we have God, Christ, the man, the woman,
00:38:51.140And then he goes into his application of this, that a man who prays or prophesies with his head
00:38:57.020covered, it dishonors his head. So he's dishonoring Christ, his head. But every woman who
00:39:03.480prays or prophesies with her head uncovered, uncovered now, dishonors her head, which is
00:39:08.940the man and also ultimately God by dishonoring her head. God gave her that head. Since it's the
00:39:14.840same as if her head were shaved. For if a wife, verse six, will not cover a wife or a woman,
00:39:21.140her head, then she should cut her hair short. But since it's disgraceful for a wife to cut off her
00:39:26.220hair or shave her head, let her cover her head. So he's given the grounding in hierarchy, then
00:39:34.000in submission and headship, then he talks about what does he mean? Men are uncovered, women are
00:39:38.580covered. Verse seven, he then gives an argument from glory that a man ought not to cover his head
00:39:44.560since he is the image and glory of God, but the woman is the glory of man. And then, well, what
00:39:49.520do you mean? Well, he says, for man was not made from the woman, but woman from man, sorry, from
00:39:53.980woman, but woman from man. Neither was man created for woman, but woman for man. That is why a wife
00:40:00.200ought to have a symbol of authority on her head because of the angels. So he goes, you know, he's
00:40:06.300now made several arguments in this passage, just to briefly explain them. The symbol of authority
00:40:12.260because of the angels makes perfect sense. Typically you look up commentaries from the early
00:40:16.120church through the Reformation and onward. And you find that people note, A, that when we're
00:40:20.980in gathered worship, which is the context of everything from chapter 11 through chapter 14
00:40:25.700in 1 Corinthians, it's mainly dealing with gathered worship, the Lord's table, charismatic
00:40:29.740gifts, et cetera, et cetera. Well, when we come to worship, the angels of God are present with us.
00:40:38.140Like in Hebrews, we don't come to this mountain that can be touched, Mount Sinai. We come to the
00:40:43.200heavenly Jerusalem with the firstborn enrolled in heaven and the angels. Well, when we see angels
00:40:49.020in worship, what do we see? They're deeply concerned with the holiness of God and with
00:40:54.800the primacy of God's glory. So they cover themselves. Isaiah 6, you can see this. They
00:40:59.140cover themselves in God's presence. As an expression of hierarchy. Yeah. They're also
00:41:04.200very much, yeah, God and then understanding God is first. And the other thing we'd see about the
00:41:10.360angels again and again in scripture, even though we don't get this laid out fully because the Bible
00:41:14.600is actually not about angels. It's about men and their God. Primarily angels are very regimented
00:41:20.660in, in ranks and authorities over and over. They're called various ranks, like powers and
00:41:25.860principalities. We see like named arch archangels who are like obviously high up on the totem pole.
00:41:33.820So there's like a military, cause they're called a host. They're an army. So they have ranks.
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01:01:10.080And really the context is, I don't want to do it.
01:01:12.700That's exactly—per the cultural argument, like, there was no monolithic head covering tradition in the Roman Empire.
01:01:19.860In the western part of the Roman Empire, men and women both would often cover their hair in, like, the pagan rituals.
01:01:26.840In the—it's in the Middle Eastern Jewish part.
01:01:29.820Yeah, women did tend to wear head coverings.
01:01:33.180And then in the Greek part, the more Eastern part where Corinth is, people didn't wear head coverings nearly as often.
01:01:41.320So there's no like the Roman culture did this or this Corinthian culture did this with head coverings.
01:01:47.180We have lots of examples of paintings and freezes and things like that that show us that women with their head uncovered in all sorts of places where if Paul's arguing from a central custom.
01:01:57.660And then people say like, well, no, it was the hair was up and then the hair was down.