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00:30:56.200Like indirectly it does, but it doesn't work specifically on those receptors.
00:31:01.400so does that make it less likely to be dependency forming or for sure get dependent i mean absolutely
00:31:08.380i mean i you know like it came you know you can you still can develop a dependence on ketamine
00:31:13.900but it's very very uh it's it's it's i don't have any patients that have become dependent on it but
00:31:19.620that wow i've been doing it for you know three years now and people say that when they stop
00:31:24.360taking it you know they they don't get the benefit of the medicine anymore but they certainly don't
00:31:29.200feel like they need ketamine or like, or like they need it right now or that they feel addicted
00:31:33.640or dependent on it. Wow. I've never heard of it being taken by capsule. I've just heard about
00:31:40.400these like high dose infusions that cause hallucinations really for a lot of people.
00:31:45.700That's interesting. I mean, it's, it's kind of like, you know, I guess you could look at the
00:31:50.860way that I prescribe ketamine as the way that, um, you know, people do say microdosing with
00:31:57.020psilocybin. So, you know, it's not in your best interest to, you know, take, uh, you know, five
00:32:03.920grams, you know, the Terrence McKenna heroic dose of five grams or more of psilocybin and, you know,
00:32:10.380um, and, and, and think that everything is just going to be, you know, okay. I mean,
00:32:14.640you may have a wonderful experience, but you know, you may not. Right. But for, um, microdosing,
00:32:21.080you know, a lot of people do tend to do pretty good with that. Not everybody, but a lot of people
00:32:26.300do. So for ketamine, you know, some people may respond very well to that, you know, big blast
00:32:32.560infusion of ketamine, but some people may respond to just a low dose of ketamine, you know, a couple
00:32:38.600of times a week, almost as like a micro dose. That sounds a lot safer. I know a few people
00:32:44.040who had absolutely horrifying experiences with high dose ketamine. So that sounds like a good
00:32:50.580idea just to even test out. Yeah, I think so too. I think so too. And I mean, my patients have done,
00:32:57.600you know, really, really well with it. And, um, you know, it's, it's a very safe medicine when
00:33:02.640you take it, uh, you know, appropriately and safely. And when you use the right dose,
00:33:07.240um, and, you know, I hope that, you know, it becomes a little bit more mainstream in the
00:33:12.060future. Yeah. Why do you think it's not? That's really interesting because I can see how,
00:33:16.780Like I know I had ketamine once when I had, um, my hip injected, um, when I was a kid,
00:33:23.580they gave an infusion of ketamine and I was still awake, but I was like calm. And I can remember
00:33:27.640feeling what it was like and being like, okay, I'm calm. Right. So I can see how micro dosing
00:33:33.360that could make somebody calmer. Why wouldn't that be more of a mainstream treatment given
00:33:39.940the fact that it doesn't work on neurotransmitters that are going to cause severe addiction,
00:33:44.880compared to say GABA or serotonin? Why isn't it more mainstream?
00:33:50.180Well, that's a really good question. I mean, my first thought on that is that I think most of
00:33:55.500the research on ketamine has come out in the last 10 or 12 years. I don't think there was
00:34:00.260as much research on it done before. So that'd be the main reason why some people just, I think,
00:34:08.360are very uncomfortable with prescribing something that is a little bit psychoactive.
00:34:13.720and you do have to be careful about, um, you know, and when I say psychoactive, I mean,
00:34:18.780I know that, you know, SS rise and it's always psychoactive. So like, but psychoactive and like
00:34:23.320dissociative, you know, so some people are just sort of like apprehensive about using that. And
00:34:27.520some people just don't want, you know, that kind of big change overall in their, in their,
00:34:32.460in their behavior, in their, or in their brain, you know, when they're using a medicine.
00:34:35.900Um, but you know, I think that it will change in, in the future. And there is a, a, a product now
00:34:43.980in, in, uh, in the States called Eskameen that's been approved. That's an intranasal, um, use of
00:34:50.100that. Yeah. Yeah. So, so I do think that it is becoming more and more popular now. I just think
00:34:57.580that we need probably more, um, physicians to become comfortable in, in how to use it. And that
00:35:04.160I think more physicians need to be comfortable in using it as, say, like a capsule or as like a microdose kind of thing, like I'm like I'm doing, as opposed to like, you know, this can only be used with a big blast of it as an IV where you need nurses and, you know, you need people to watch your vitals and all that.
00:35:24.640Like you don't need that when you're doing a very low dose.
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00:37:11.600So are you worried about people being, even this ketamine treatment is pretty new.
00:37:16.760So do you have any anxieties over being kind of at the forefront?
00:37:20.700I mean, definitely apprehensive and you definitely have to be very, very careful about prescribing it. So, you know, I have a pretty detailed agreement form between myself and my patients with regards to, you know, taking ketamine and them understanding, you know, all the negative effects that that can be associated with it.
00:37:41.380but, um, you know, I mean, realistically, like any adult right now in Canada can go into a
00:37:48.180dispensary and buy, you know, 25% and like, you know, that's going to cause a much more
00:37:54.760psychoactive effect than, you know, a low dose of, of, uh, ketamine. So, you know, I just kind
00:38:00.560of look at it as like, you know, this is something that, um, you know, it has its risk and it's has
00:38:07.000its benefits, but the way that I'm doing it, you know, I'm certainly minimizing all of, um,
00:38:12.320the risk, you know, you can't obviously eliminate it completely, but I am, you know, maximizing the
00:38:16.760benefits I think, um, as well. And, uh, you know, I hope that, you know, more physicians,
00:38:21.800you know, uh, recognize ketamine is a really good treatment option for people with mental
00:38:26.040health disorders. Interesting. Okay. Well, glad we got that into the podcast. That was interesting.
00:38:32.460That was interesting. Um, let me see. I have a whole bunch of questions here, but I'm going to
00:38:36.960choose them carefully. Well, I'm happy to answer all of them. Okay. Let's do this. Let's do this.
00:38:45.780This is an area that I really don't know very much about because I think, I think what I learned
00:38:51.900was anything I had an issue with, which was a lot of things. So it was like, Oh, I'm on a whole
00:38:58.660bunch of medications. So I'm kind of more familiar about what medications are in autoimmunity. And
00:39:03.180then my mom had cancer and then psych illnesses. So like all that, I never learned about hormone
00:39:08.820optimization at all. Thank goodness, I guess. Right. But can we get into that a little bit?
00:39:14.860Like I know that you do work on testosterone and those, the hormones interested me more because
00:39:21.100it seems like less like a drug and more of something to adjust to bring you back to a
00:39:26.720baseline. So what do you recommend? Maybe let's start with, what do you recommend people check
00:39:31.800for? Let's start with men. What do you recommend men check for to optimize their hormones?
00:39:36.500Well, I think every man after 40, probably even before 40 should have a total testosterone and
00:39:44.260a free testosterone test done. So it's really important that you get the free testosterone
00:39:49.100test done because your total testosterone is mostly bound. And because it's bound,
00:39:55.360it's actually not free. It's not available to the tissues. So when you ask your doctor,
00:40:00.700you know to to check your hormones you definitely want to ask them to not only just get a total but
00:40:06.100also get a free because the free is going to be the one that's going to tell you you know how
00:40:11.960much testosterone is actually active in your tissues and it's not bound up but that's a really
00:40:17.520good place to to start you know a TSH is always great too you know which test for your thyroid
00:40:25.680I tend to test for free T3 and a free T4 as well, just to make sure that those hormones are
00:40:32.960optimized. Those are part of the thyroid hormone. So generally speaking, the medication that's given
00:40:40.140for thyroid replacement is levothyroxine. So that's like a pure T4. And now your T4 does
00:40:48.240get converted into T3. So a lot of people just take T4 itself. But every now and then,
00:40:55.680you do get a patient who, uh, you know, doesn't get a good conversion of T4 to T3 and those,
00:41:03.900and those, so for those patients, you may need to use something called a desiccated thyroid,
00:41:09.060which has a little bit of T3 in it. And then, you know, patients can kind of, um, you know,
00:41:14.020get, uh, be treated that way. Um, and then just coming back to the, um, testosterone.
00:41:19.660So generally speaking, I offer patients a couple of different options. The biggest ones
00:41:24.240are injections and creams. So when you have the injection, you know, the benefit of that is that
00:41:31.520you're only doing it twice a week generally. So, you know, I shouldn't just mention one thing on
00:41:36.680that, like on testosterone, even right on the bottle, like it'll say like 200 milligrams every
00:41:42.840two weeks, which is ridiculous because, you know, you're going to feel like Superman for two or
00:41:47.720three days, and then it's going to level off. And the last week, you're basically going to feel
00:41:51.980like shit. So, you know, you really need to, uh, try to, you know, minimize the highs and lows.0.99
00:41:59.680So I find that, uh, and I find even if you've given it, you know, once a week versus two times
00:42:05.220a week, I mean, it's still, it's a lot better, but it's still not perfect. So I actually find,
00:42:10.340you know, injecting it twice a week intramuscularly is, is, is, uh, is a good way to do it. Um,
00:42:15.880And most patients that I see will use somewhere between 50 to 70 micrograms of dose.
00:42:22.120So usually between 100 to 140 micrograms a week.
00:42:25.080Usually 120 is a really good dose for most men in terms of optimizing their testosterone,